MoSe₂ was deposited by electrochemical reduction method on TiO₂ nanotube arrays which were prepared by anodic oxidation in ethylene glycol electrolyte, in which sodium molybdate and seleninic acid were used as raw materials. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, and I-V plot and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were measured by electrochemical workstation. The results show that a p-n heterojunction is formed between molybdenum diselenide and titanium dioxide, which can reduce the combination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs and charge transfer resistance, and can increase its carrier concentration and light response current density. The composite deposited at -0.5 V in the electrolyte containg 2 mmol/L seleninic acid for 30 s exhibits optimum photo-electrochemical performance after 300 ℃ heat treatment, with a high photocurrent density of 1.17 mA/cm ² without bias, which is approximately three times higher than that of blank sample. And the charge transfer resistance decreased from 331.6 Ω/cm ² to 283.9 Ω/cm ². Selenide molybdenum agglomerates seriously to block the TiO₂ nanotube once heat treatment over 330 ℃, resulting in a lower performance.

A novel kind of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution catalyst was fabricated by introducing g-C₃N₄ ultrathin films onto the surface of attapulgite (ATP) via a simple in-situ depositing technique, combined with freeze-drying and programmed roasting process. The obtained product was identified as ATP/g-C₃N₄. In order to achieve the best catalyst, a series of ATP/g-C₃N₄ composites with different mass fraction of ATP were obtained and marked as ATP/g-C₃N₄-w, where w represents the mass fraction of ATP (w =mATP: (mATP + mg-C₃N₄)= 0.33, 0.40, 0.50, 0.67). Results show that g-C₃N₄ thin layers are uniformly loaded onto the ATP surface via the chemical bond (Si-O-C), which is beneficial to tailor the surface electronic structure of g-C₃N₄ and provide more active sites. Their electrocatalytic oxygen evolution properties in 0.1 mol/L KOH were investigated. It is found that ATP/g-C₃N₄-0.50 presents the best oxygen evolution catalytic performance and has excellent oxygen evolution stability. Its oxygen evolution over potential is 410 mV and the Tafel slope is 118 mV/dec at a current density of 10 mA/cm ². The results suggest that ATP/ g-C₃N₄-0.50 can be used as a potential oxygen evolution catalyst.

Bio-oil obtained from biomass can be used as an important raw material for hydrogen production. In this work, acetic acid (HAc) from bio-oil was selected as the model compound to produce hydrogen via auto-thermal reforming (ATR). Fe-promoted Co-based hydrotalcite-like Co_xAl₃Fe_yO_m±δ catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by XRD, N₂ physisorption, H₂-TPR and TG to study the relationship between the catalytic performance and structure within these catalysts. The characterization results show that hydrotalcite-like structure of (Co/Fe)_xAl₂CO₃(OH)_y·zH₂O were obtained by co-precipitation, then transformed to alumina supported spinel structures, including CoAl₂O₄, Co₃O₄, Fe₃O₄, and FeAl₂O₄, after calcination. BJH analysis indicated that within these calcined Co_xAl₃Fe_yO_m±δ catalysts, there were mesoporous structures, in which the Co_0.45Al₃Fe_0.4O_5.55±δ centered structure with pore size distribution 4 nm. As suggested by H₂-TPR and XRD, the reducibility of Co metal was enhanced with the Fe promoter, and there were CoFe alloys formed after reduction. In the stability test, the hydrogen yield reached 2.72 mol-H₂/mol-HAc and remained stable, meanwhile, the CoFe alloy was also stable and no carbon deposit was detected after reaction, indicating that there was high resistance to oxidation and coking within Fe-promoted Co_xAl₃Fe_yO_m±δ catalysts.

Despite excellent catalytic capability, Cu₂O nanomaterial exhibits weak stability which limits its application. In this study, a novel kind of Cu₂O, Cu₂O/BNNSs-OH, supported catalyst with highly catalytic efficiency and stability, was facilely fabricated via a controllable liquid phase reduction of ascorbic acid and combining with an annealing process. Cu₂O/BNNSs-OH catalyst was synthesized by using boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs), prepared by the “push-pull” effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and water phase change, as a supporter and spherical Cu₂O nanoparticles (2-7 nm) prepared by forward titration (ascorbic acid→Cu ²⁺, solution with a pH 11) as active components. Morphology and structure of as-obtained samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The results of the synthetic method showed that spherical Cu₂O nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the carrier surface and BNNSs displayed some stabilization effect on Cu₂O which could be prevented from being oxidized into CuO. Moreover, the catalytic activity was investigated by catalytic reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. Cu₂O/BNNSs-OH with high catalytic activity similar to the noble metal catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol is highly reusable for five successive cycles without significant degradation and activity loss.

The Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ and Pd/CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts with 0.03wt% Pd loading were successfully synthesized via simple direct-adsorption method, and evaluated for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The morphology, structure, and surface properties of the synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption-desorption (BET method), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction of H₂ (H₂-TPR). The temperatures for conversion of 98% toluene, acetone and ethyl acetate over the Pd/CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst were 205, 220 and 275 ℃ under the conditions of VOCs volume fraction at 0.1% and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) at 18000 mL/(g·h), respectively, which were 15, 15 and 20 ℃ lower than that of Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. The Pd/CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ exhibited outstanding catalytic activity, stability and selectivity even at high gas hourly space velocity. The results indicated the addition of ceria to alumina influenced the physico- chemical properties of the materials and their catalytic activities. It also revealed that Pd/CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ possessed Ce ³⁺and high content of PdO, and the main active PdO species were well-dispersed on the surface of the γ-Al₂O₃ support. In addition, the strong metal-support interaction between PdO and non-stoichiometric cerium oxides enhanced catalytic performance of the Pd/CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ for oxidation of VOCs.

Solution method is a mild, controllable and commonly used synthetic method. However, the reported solution methods for the preparation of TiSe₂ nanosheets usually use trioctylphosphine (TOP) as solvent. TOP is poisonous and potentially harmful to the human body as well as the environment. In this paper, hexagonal TiSe₂ nanosheets were synthesized by simple solution method without TOP. The shape evolution of TiSe₂ nanosheets was investigated by adjusting the reaction time. The crystal phase, morphology, elements, and the optical property of TiSe₂ nanosheets were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. The spiral growth steps can be clearly observed in SEM images. A spiral layer by layer growth mechanism was proposed based on the morphology evolution of TiSe₂ nanosheets. The photocatalytic activity of TiSe₂ nanosheets was evaluated by the degradation of RhB under sun light irradiation. Compared with the commercial P25, the as-prepared TiSe₂ nanosheets exhibit a superior photocatalytic activity, which indicates that TiSe₂ nanosheets are promising candidate as photocatalytic material for environmental protection.

This study presents a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with graphene forest as electrode. Graphene forest was fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process, which shows great different morphology compared with other ‘wall-like’ vertically oriented graphene so far. Graphene forest films are composed of graphene nanoflakes, exhibiting not only low sheet resistance ((110±5) Ω/□) but also uniquely discrete ‘tree-like’ morphology, which are favorable to contact and friction with other materials. According to its morphology superiority, Kapton film and graphene forest film were utilized as electrodes for triboelectric nanogenerator, in which an open circuit voltage of 20 V and a short circuit current of 0.75 μA are obtained. Furthermore, the working principle of the graphene forest based triboelectric nanogenerator was discussed. At last, three LEDs of different color in demo circuit were lighted up by as-prepared nanogenerator, which proves the effective application of graphene forest in triboelectric nanogenerator.

Flexible self-supporting TbW₁₀-agarose composite thin films were prepared by combination of Sol-Gel and casting technique based on the functional complementarity between excellent green luminescence polyoxometalates TbW₁₀ and good film-forming matrix agarose. Composition and structure of the films were characterized by FT-IR and Raman spectrum. Thir thickness, surface roughness and microstructure were studied by SEM, AFM and TEM, respectively. And effects of different TbW₁₀ contents on the transmittance and luminescence properties were investigated. On this basis, the reversible chemically responsive luminescent switching performance of TbW₁₀-Agarose green luminescent film was realized under stimulation of HCl and NH₃. The response time and reversibility of chemically responsive luminescent switching performance were studied by fluorescence kinetics curves. And the fluorescence spectrum detection for HCl gas was extended based on the green luminescent thin film sensor with a detection limit of 0.2731 mmol·L ^-1.

The influence of birefringent light scattering on in-line optical transmittance model depended on uniaxial hexagonal crystal structure transparent ceramics using ZnO as research object has been established based on Mie theory and its developed approximation Rayleigh-Gans-Debye scatting theory. Theoretical calculation indicates that in-line optical transmittance of ZnO transparent ceramics improves obviously with the decrease of grain size and increase of orientation. ZnO transparent ceramics which meet the microstructure requirements of the model were effectively controlled by slip casting process under a strong magnetic field and designing SPS sintering parameters. Corresponding results show that the in-line optical transmittance of non-textured ZnO transparent ceramic increased from 5.1% to 12.9% at 600 nm as grain size decreased from 1.72 μm to 0.35 μm while that of textured ZnO transparent ceramic (mean grain size 0.66 μm) was improved greatly from 21.6% to 36.6% at 600 nm due to increasing orientation factor to 24.7% calculated from XRD data. Based on these data, it is found that the calculation results of theoretical model match well with the experiment results.

The YBCO composite films doped with Ba₂YTaO₆ (BYTO) single nanoparticles and BYTO/LaAlO₃ (LAO) double nanoparticles were prepared by low-fluorine MOD process. The result showed that the optimum doping amount of BYTO in YBCO film was 6mol%, when the self-field J_c of this film was 1.25 MA/cm ², and the maximum pinning force was 3.02 GN/m ³ at 1.2 T. In the co-doping experiment, BYTO particles with positive lattice mismatch with YBCO and LAO particles with negative lattice mismatch with YBCO were introduced, and the interaction between two particles increased effective doping amount up to 10mol%. With adjustment of the ratio of the two kinds of nanoparticles, it was found that the 6mol% BYTO+4mol% LAO-doped YBCO composite films had a J_c value as high as 0.27 MA/cm ² when the magnetic field was 2 T. This magnetic field in which the maximum pinning force was obtained, increased from 0.42 T for pure YBCO to 1.6 T for codoping, in which the maximum pinning force was 5.6 GN/m ³. The co-doping with positive and negative lattice mismatch nanoparticle effectively improves the superconductivity of YBCO composite film under applied magnetic field.

Low-temperature deposition of α-Al₂O₃ film is the key to expand its industrial applications. Al, α-Al₂O₃ and Al + 15wt% α-Al₂O₃ targets were used to deposit alumina films on Si(100). The as-deposited films by radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) were analyzed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and the nano-hardness was measured by depth-sensing indentation method. The results show that the single phase α-Al₂O₃ films were successfully deposited by reactive sputtering the Al+α-Al₂O₃ composite target at 550 ℃. When deposited at the substrate temperature of 550 ℃, the α-Al₂O₃ sputtered from the target preferentially form α-Al₂O₃ nucleus which could suppress the formation of γ phase, and promote the homoepitaxial growth of the α-Al₂O₃ to obtain the single phase α-Al₂O₃ films.

A varied and constant load nano-scratch experiment on monocrystalline germanium was performed by Cube indenter. The surface morphology of the groove was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) , and the scratch process was divided into three regimes, that is ductile regime, ductile-brittle transition regime and brittle regime based on observations. The material removal mechanism of different regimes was also analyzed. The least square method was used to establish nonlinear curve fittings between scratch depth and scratch force, and the correlation coefficient was used to verify reliability of fitting functions. Result shows that there is a strong correlation between scratch depth and scratch force. Meanwhile, the tendency of elastic recovery rate with scratch distance was analyzed. As the result shows, the elastic recovery rate gradually decreases from 1 in the pure elastic stage to about 0.76 in stable stage. Based on ductile-brittle translation critical load, a model is proposed to calculate the critical depth where the elastic recovery rate is firstly considered, and the ductile-brittle translation critical depth for monocrystalline germanium is 489 nm.

The oxidation characteristics and energy releasing characteristics of MgB₂ were studied using oxygen bomb calorimeter, thermal analyzer and tube furnace. Results show that the combustion heat and combustion efficiencies of MgB₂ are all higher than those of amorphous boron. In the temperature range explored (298-1673 K), four successive phases are observed in the oxidation process of MgB₂ under slow heating rate. The primary oxidation stage of MgB₂ occurrs between 1200 K and 1665 K. However, the primary oxidation stage of amorphous boron occurrs nearly 1919 K. At 1665 K, the oxidation percentage of MgB₂ is 94.3%, compared to 43.6% of amorphous boron. Compared with amorphous boron, the fact that complete oxidation of MgB₂ can be achieved at lower temperature indicates its superiority.

Phosphoric acid crystal doped with bivalent cation is easy to form pyrophosphate structure (P₂O₇) ^4-. This kind of oxide material containing pyrophosphate structure is very suitable for proton conductor, fuel cell, gas sensor, and ceramic film, etc. In this research we applied first principles to study the structural behaviour of oxygen vacancy in LuPO₄ crystal. The results showed that oxygen vacancies with two positive charges distort structure largely and form pyrophosphate structure. In order to verify the feasibility of this structure transition, the nudged elastic band method is used to find the highest saddle point of potential energy. The calculated results show that transition state energies of oxygen vacancy with +1 and +2 charge forming pyrophosphate structure are about 2.4 and 0 eV, respectively. So pyrophosphate structure easily forms for oxygen vacancy with +2 charge. Finally, the lattice structure, density of states and charge density distribution are obtained. P atom and O atom around the oxygen vacancy with +2 charge can form chemical bond. The electron on the P s will shift to O p orbit for oxygen with strong electronegative, which introduces the defect level in forbidden band. It is indicated that the property of the crystal changes drastically for the existence of the oxygen vacancy with two positive charges.

A statistical modeling approach to modeling glass composition (C) - structure (S) - property (P) is introduced based on glass property response to the glass network structure. This paper first reviewed some of the limitations of the C-P statistical modeling approach, then followed by complementary benefit identified from using S-P statistical modeling approach. Furthermore, S-P modeling is not limited by a narrower composition space as seen in the C-P modeling case, which benefits glass composition fine-tuning and design optimization, such as in the chemical stability experiment for Nd: phosphate laser glass, the S-P models perform much better than the C-P models. The procedure of C-S-P modeling was illustrated, and how to use C-S and S-P models inverse the composition of glass was also detailed. Except for the regular properties, C-S-P modeling methodology can provide more accurate predictions on laser glass emission properties, chemical durability, etc., which are often difficult by using the C-P modeling approach alone. Our effort on C-S-P modeling is to explore a general methodology that can provide researchers with an alternative method to facilitate glass design with higher efficiency, fast turn-around, and high accuracy and precision.

A novel assembly of CdSe/12ZnS core/shell quantum dots (CdSe/12ZnS QDs) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) was constructed for highly sensitive detection of nerve agent mimic diethyl cyanophosphonate (DCNP). Due to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from CdSe/12ZnS QDs to Au NPs, the emission intensity of QDs was quenched. Thiocholine generated in situ from acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and acetylthiocholine (ATC) would destroy the assembly structure to recover the emission of QDs. However, diethyl cyanophosphonate (DCNP) could inhibit the activity of AChE, thus leading to the suppressed fluorescence recovery. Therefore, the detection of DCNP was achieved by evaluating fluorescence recovery efficiency of QDs. Optimally, a linear relationship between fluorescence recovery efficiency of QDs and logarithmic concentration of DCNP was observed in a range of 5.0×10 ^-9 mol/L to 5.0×10 ^-4 mol/L. As a result, the limit of detection (LOD) was deternimed to be as low as 5.0×10 ^-9 mol/L.

Zn, Mn doped Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles have broad application prospects in biomedicine for their excellent magnetic properties. Therein, the most remarkable property of magnetic nanoparticles is size-dependent biomagnetic applications, and size variation also affect their magnetic characteristics. Therefore, based on the specific requirements of size for various biological applications, it is critical to regulate their size. In this study, we synthesized 5-20 nm Zn, Mn doped Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles by changing reflux time duration, varying metal precursor and adding oil phase reducing agent (1,2-hexadecanediol). It is found that addition of 1,2-hexadecanediol is beneficial to the formation of smaller nanoparticles, while metal chloride and longer reflux time are helpful to prepare larger particles. Additionally, there exists a positive correlation between particle size and saturation magnetization.

SiC_f/SiC composites modified by layered Y₂Si₂O₇ were presented in this research. Layered Y₂Si₂O₇ was transformed from yttrium oxide by chemical vapor infiltration process in SiC fiber preform, in which yttrium oxide was generated by the solution impregnation and pyrolysis method. Oxidation behavior of the layered-Y₂Si₂O₇ modified SiC_f/SiC composites was studied in the wet oxygen environment at 1400 ℃, showing that Y₂Si₂O₇ can concentrate on the oxidation surface to form a protective layer during the oxidation process. The bending strengths of SiC_f/SiC composites with one layer or three layers of Y₂Si₂O₇ remain 60.38% and 71.93%, respectively, after the oxidation for 80 h. In contrast, it is only 50.11% for SiC_f/SiC composites without Y₂Si₂O₇. Therefore, layered distribution of Y₂Si₂O₇ significantly improves the oxidation resistance of SiC_f/SiC composites in wet oxygen environment.