The dual-readout calorimeter is a new designed equipment to detect high-energy particles. It can collect the Cherenkov light and scintillation light at the same time, thus scientists can understand the particles comprehensively in the field of high-energy physics. Three types of dual-readout calorimeters have been designed so far: (1) Quartz fibers as Cherenkov emitter and plastic fibers as scintillator; (2) Undoped and doped scintillation crystals act as Cherenkov and scintillator respectively; (3) Scintillation crystal act as Cherenkov as well as scintillator. The last attracted much attention because it can avoid sampling fluctuations and enhance energy resolution of calorimeters. The progress on the scintillation crystals, including lead tungstate (PbWO₄), bismuth germinate (Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂), bismuth silicate (Bi₄Si₃O₁₂) and lutetium aluminum garnet (Lu₃Al₅O₁₂), were presented for the application of dual-readout calorimeter. Pr: PWO crystal and Bi₄Si₃O₁₂ crystal have potential application in dual-readout calorimeter. It’s easy to separate the Cherenkov and scintillation light for Bi₄Si₃O₁₂ crystal because the short-wavelength cut-off of Bi₄Si₃O₁₂ crystal is small in comparison with Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ crystal. Bi₄Si₃O₁₂ crystal shows more advantages and its properties can be further optimized by doping rare earth ions.

Three methods were applied and compared to perform quantitative phase analysis of ZrB₂-SiC-ZrC ultra- high temperature ceramic composites: the K value method by powder X-ray diffraction, two SEM methods to combine secondary electron and backscattered electron images, and electron backscatter diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) mapping. K value method could be applied conveniently and simply, while the two SEM methods could not only be performed quantitative phase analysis but also reveal phase distribution and relationships. Results from the three methods all show significant deviation of phase compositions from the composite designing of reactive sintering, while they are largely consistent with each other. The content of impurity ZrO₂ phase is detected more than 5vol%, and in contrast, the content of secondary ZrC phase is found substantially below the theoretical 5vol% level and even below 1vol% as calculated by the more sensitive K value method. These quantitative phase analysis could provide technical supports to study the true composite microstructure and phase designing.

TiB₂-TiC_0.8-SiC multiphase ceramics were prepared by in-situ hot-pressing sintering. The phase composition and microstructures of the materials were characterized by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction technology and scanning electron microscope. The effects of sintering temperature on the phases, microstructures and mechanical properties of the ceramics were investigated. The results show that with the increase of sintering temperature, density, bending strength and fracture toughness of the ceramics are increasing significantly in the temperature from 1700℃ to 1950℃. Fully densified in-situ TiB₂-TiC_0.8-SiC multiphase ceramics with well-developed and optimized microstructure are obtained after sintered at 1900℃, in which the uniform distribution of lath-shape TiB₂ and bulk TiC_0.8 grains is obvious. The present study shows that Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and flexural strength of the TiB₂-TiC_0.8-SiC multiphase ceramics sintered at 1900℃ are 23.6 GPa, (7.0±1.0) MPa·m^1/2 and 470.9 MPa, respectively. When sintering temperature was up to 1950℃, TiB₂ and TiC_0.8 grains grew up, and therefore the bending strength of multiphase ceramics was reduced. TiB₂,TiC_0.8 and SiC particles were incorporated to improve the particulate strength and toughness of composite material by the synergistic action of the mechanisms such as crack deflection, grain's pull-out and fine-grain toughening.

The pre-reacted AlMgB₁₄ powders prepared by FAPAS were mixed with TiB₂ powers and then subjected to the temperature of 1500℃, the axial pressure of 60 MPa, the heating rate of 100℃/min and dwelling time of 15 min. AlMgB₁₄-30wt% TiB₂ composites with ideal structures were successfully prepared. The microstructure and components of synthesized composites were observed and determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the micro-hardness of the AlMgB₁₄-30wt% TiB₂ composites is 31.5 GPa and the fracture toughness K_1C could reach 3.65 MPa·m^1/2, which is consistent with those prepared by mechanical alloying/hot pressing. The microstructure analysis shows that the main toughening mechanisms of AlMgB₁₄-TiB₂ composites are due to the hard phase dispersion strengthening, high-strength interface bonding. The FAPAS method might be used to synthesize AlMgB₁₄-TiB₂ composites at low costs with fast heating-up and efficiency.

The feasibility to homogeneously incorporate additives and fabricate translucent alumina ceramics via liquid precursor infiltration technique was substantiated. Pre-sintered alumina compacts with various thickness values were infiltrated with aqueous yttrium nitrate solutions of different concentrations under various conditions. Line-scanning result of yttrium along the sample depth direction was investigated to characterize the doping homogeneity. It is found that better distribution homogeneity and more stringent control of a desired amount of dopants can be realized as the sample thickness and the solution concentration are decreased. By assuming all pores are open and completely saturated, the theoretical model is proposed to predict the amount of incorporated species by infiltration. Finally, translucent alumina ceramics were fabricated. Compared with ball-milling prepared counterparts, samples with improved microstructure and enhanced optical properties are achieved by infiltration.

The ceramic coating was formed on the part of the impaired surface of the 2024 alloy sample by scanning micro-arc oxidation using low pulsating power supply. It proposed a solution for local repairing impaired part of big workpiece using micro-arc oxidation technique. Microstructure and phase composition of coating were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. The nano indentation hardness and elastic modulus of coatings were tested by nano indenter. The corrosion resistance properties of coatings were determined by potentiodynamic polarization. The results show that under the continuous current mode, the bath voltage of scanning micro-arc oxidation (SMAO) raise fast and go into micro-arc oxidation stage immediately. The thickness of the coating formed by SMAO is 17 μm after a single scanning, indicating SMAO has high film efficiency. The coating, mainly composed of α-Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃, is dense in the inner layer and porous in the outer layer. There are a large number of micropores and micro-cracks on its surface. The nano indentation test results show that the nano indentation hardness and elastic modulus of coatings firstly increase and then decrease from interface to surface. The potentiodynamic polarization indicates that the SMAO and MAO coatings all have effective corrosion protective effect to 2024 aluminium alloy. And the MAO coating's performance is better than that of SMAO coating.

With chromium residue as main raw materials, the composite films were prepared by hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized by SEM, ICP, XRD, FT-IR and film thickness, and the influences of hydrothermal pH value on the performance of composite films were investigated using the films’ refractive index and reflectivity as evaluation indexes. The results show that the perfect three dimension networks are appeared on the film surface when pH value is above 11. At pH value of 9 or 10, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, Fe(OH)₃, Cr₂O₃, AlO(OH) and MgO crystals are formed in the sample, and the diffraction peak of them is strong. There are pores and surface absorbed water between internal nanoparticles in the samples. In the process of hydrothermal synthesis, the formation of chemical bonds force between the membrane material and basement are facilitated by the alkaline groups. Meanwhile, the thicker film is the smaller the refractive index of the film will be. At pH value of 11, the film is the thinnest and the refractive index is the biggest. At the initial pH value of 12, the refractive index of the film to ultraviolet light is weaker than glass substrate, and at the initial pH value of 11, the refractive index of the film to visible light is weaker than that of glass substrate.

Porous yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) hollow fibers with an outer diameter of 1.92 mm, membrane thickness of 0.21 mm were prepared by a combined technique of phase inversion and sintering. The hollow fiber possessed a sandwich structure with long-finger like voids near the inner and outer walls and a thin porous sponge-like layer in the center. The porosity and average pore size of the YSZ hollow fiber were determined to be 54% and 0.56 μm, respectively. The surface of the hollow fiber was converted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic by grafting with fluoroalkylsilane (FAS). The as-prepared hydrophobic YSZ hollow fiber exhibited desired water desalination performance operating in the vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). A water flux as high as 48.3 L/(m²•h)was attained with a salt rejection of over 99.7% by exposing the shell side of the fiber to an aqueous solution of 4wt% NaCl at 80℃ and vacuuming the lumen side to a pressure of 4×10³ Pa. The membrane distillation performance of the hydrophobic porous YSZ hollow fiber is comparable to the best of polymer membrane, which is promising for water desalination application.

Carbonized bacterial cellulose (CBC) with a three dimensional net-linked framework were synthesized from carbonized bacterial cellulose and investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum and Transmission electron microscopy. The complex permittivity and permeability of CBC/paraffin wax composite with certain ratio of the composite were measured by vector network analysis in the frequency range of 0.1-18 GHz. It is found that the composite has high permittivity and dielectric loss, especially at the low frequency. The electromagnetic characteristics of the CBC/Fe₃O₄ complex absorbers synthesized by mixing a small quantity of CBC with Fe₃O₄ were also studied, aiming at improving the microwave absorbing properties of Fe₃O₄/Wax composite. When the sample’s thickness was 1.2 mm, the reflection loss reached a minimal value of -21 dB for CBC - Fe₃O₄/Wax and of -2 dB for Fe₃O₄/Wax as well.

The graphene grafted polypyrrole composites were in situ synthesized with the chemical grafting method. The testing and characterization of the structure and morphology indicated that the pyrrole monomer in the composites was grafted with the graphene lamellar layer on-chip evenly distributed through the amide bond, and a large number of the pyrrole grow into a chain connecting to the graphene layers. The synergistic effect of graphene and polypyrrole made the conductivity of the composites significantly improve from 0.22 S/cm to 3.32 S/cm. The capacitance value of graphene grafted polypyrrole composites reached 284 F/g, which increased by 52% compared with the specific capacitance of pure polypyrrole 186 F/g. It indicated the composites’s excellent characteristics of the capacitor.

La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_x (LSGM) electrolytes were prepared from La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_x powders sintering at 1000-1500℃ for 4 h. Both the physical and electrical properties of the LSGM samples were tested. The results show that the linear shrinkage and relative density of the samples increase with sintering temperature rising, besides, the sample sintered at 1400℃ for 4 h shows the maximum value of 24.8% and 97%, respectively. Samples sintered at 1250℃-1500℃ for 4 h have uniform phase while that sintered at 1000℃ has a large amount of impurities. The sample sintered at 1400℃ for 4 h has the largest conductivity being 0.093 S/cm at 800℃. Based on this, a limiting-current-type O₂ sensor based on LSGM was fabricated by screen-printing technique, and the I-V characteristics and response/recovery time were measured. It shows that the I-V curves have good current plateaus, and the limiting current exhibits a linear dependence on oxygen concentration. The response/recovery time are 10-15 s and 15-20 s, respectively, showing well reproducible response characteristics.

LiMnPO₄/C composite as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries was synthesized via a Sol-Gel method using tributyl phosphate as both chelating agent and phosphor source while lauric acid as a carbon source. Crystalline structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the LiMnPO₄/C composite is well crystallized as an olivine structure without any detectable impurity phase at annealing temperature of 700℃. The spherical-like LiMnPO₄/C microparticles are composed of large numbers of nanoparticles with the size ranging from 50 nm to 100 nm, which are covered with a thin carbon layer. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests reveal that LiMnPO₄/C composite has superior electrochemical performance. The initial discharge capacities of LiMnPO₄/C are 141 and 113 mAh/g at rates of 0.05C and 0.5C under room temperature, respectively, along with high cyclic stability and good charge-discharge performances under high and low temperatures.

An antireflection layer grown on the Si surface of a solar cell can reduce reflection and increase absorption of light. As a result, it can increase the conversion efficiency of the Si solar cell. In this work, (100) Si wafers were anisotropically wet etched by tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution and the pyramidal structures were obtained. The minimum reflectivity of etched Si was lower than 6%. Then ZnO nanorods were grown on the Si substrate by a hydrothermal method. The minimum reflectivity of this structure was lower than 3%, better than that from the TMAH etched surface or ZnO nanorods covered surface only. This method has great potential because of its simplicity and high efficiency.

The Ti₃O₅ powder was prepared by reducing TiO₂ nanopartical in H₂ atmosphere. The samples were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-Vis diffusion reflectance spectra (UV-Vis). The results show that, single phase Ti₃O₅ can be obtained by increasing the H₂ flow. When H₂ flow increases from 0.3 mL/min to 0.8 mL/min, the single phase λ-Ti₃O₅ can be synthesized using SiO₂-coated TiO₂ (rutile, nanoparticle) as raw material at 1150℃ for 1 h. While using nano-TiO₂ powders without SiO₂-coated as raw material, the reduction product is multiphases composed of λ-Ti₃O₅ and β-Ti₃O₅. There is a high reflectivity contrast between λ-Ti₃O₅ and β-Ti₃O₅. When the multiphases sample is irradiated with 532 nm 20 ns-pulsed laser light at room temperature, Ti₃O₅ will transit from α phase to β phase, which shows a good optical storage performance.

TiO₂ nanotube arrays on titanium sheet were prepared by anodized oxidation method and filled with CdS in the interior of the annealed TiO₂ nanotubes by direction current (DC) electrodeposition. The TiO₂/CdS heterojunctions were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that TiO₂/CdS coaxial nanocables are orderly arrayed, their diameters are uniform and the chemical ratio of Cd and S is closed to 1:1. The TiO₂ annealed at 450℃ in air is anatase and the deposited CdS is hexagonal phase. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and methyl orange dye by photocatalytic degradation under UV light of the pure TiO₂ nanotubes and TiO₂/CdS heterojunction are investigated. Compared with the pure TiO₂, TiO₂/CdS heterojunction has an obvious red-shift on the edge of TiO₂ absorption and their photocatalytic activity is obviously improved, with maximum degradation rate of methyl orange as 99.4%.

The La³⁺ doped BiFeO₃ (BFO) thin films were fabricated by Sol-Gel method. The precursor solution was synthesized by dissolving Bi(NO₃)₃, Fe(NO₃)₃ and La(NO₃)₃ in 2-methoxyethanol and BiFeO₃ thin films were grown by chemical solution deposition on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. The influence of La³⁺ doping on the band gap and photovoltaic properties of BiFeO₃ was studied. The BiFeO₃ thin films exhibited polycrystalline-phase perovskite structure. The lattice parameter of BiFeO₃ decreased with La³⁺ addition increasing. The band gap of BiFeO₃ doped with 10% La³⁺ doping was 2.71 eV, a little smaller than that of the undoped one. The bandgap of BiFeO₃ increased to 2.76 eV with the increase of La³⁺ doping. The maximal open circuit voltage of 10% La³⁺-doped BiFeO₃ prepared by modified method reached 0.4 V, showing good photovoltaic properties.

Ba_0.9175Ca_0.08Nd_0.0025(Zr_0.18Ti_0.8175-xY_xMn_0.0025)O₃(BCZT-Y, x=0, 0.5mol%, 0.75mol%, 1.0mol%, 1.5mol%, 2.0mol%) ferroelectric ceramics was prepared by a solid phase reaction. The influence of Y³⁺ doping on the structure and dielectric properties of BCZT-Y ceramics was investigated. Results showed that with the Y³⁺ contents increasing, Y³⁺ ion substitution can be almost incorporated into the Ti⁴⁺ site, and the density of BCZT-Y ceramics increased from 4.029 g/cm³ to 6.058 g/cm³. The Curie temperature was shifted to lower temperature, and the ε_r-T peak was decreased and broaden. The ferroelectric relaxor characteristics were obtained while Y³⁺ ion content was further increased, which were consistent with the Lorenz-type formula fitting. It was found that the area of ferroelectric hysteresis loop became narrow and slant, the remnant polarization (P_r) and coercive field (E_c) reduced with the increase of Y³⁺ content.

(Ba_0.6Sr_0.3Ca_0.1)_1-xY_xTi_0.999Mn_0.001O₃(0≤x≤0.007) ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction technique. The effects of Y doping on the microstructure, dielectric properties and pyroelectric properties were investigated. The average grain size decreases with the increase of Y concentration. The dielectric and pyroelectric properties measurement results show that the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, T_c and pyroelectric coefficient all initially increase and then decrease with Y concentration. And the pyroelectric figure of merit F_d can be improved by the Y doping. The specimen doped with 0.7mol%Y shows a higher maximum F_d value of 8.22×10^-5 Pa^-1/2 under 700 V/mm near 30℃ with the smallest average grain size of 3.1 μm, indicating its promising application in infrared thermal imaging arrays devices.

A series of Al₂O₃/steel-epoxy laminated composites were prepared by using epoxy resin adhesive as binder via a simple process in a leaky mould at a pressure of 5 MPa. The results indicate that the interfaces of Al₂O₃/epoxy and steel/epoxy are joined tightly, and the laminated composites have much higher fracture toughness, impact toughness and energy consumption than the Al₂O₃ monolith, as well as having a close strength to Al₂O₃. The crack propagation behavior indicates that the improvement of toughness and energy consumption attribute to the mechanisms of crack blunting and arresting, crack bridging, interface debonding, ductile deformation of steel-epoxy mesh layer.