Inspired by the lotus leaves in nature against contaminants in the muddy environment, superhydrophobic phenomena has attracted tremendous attentions among the research communities, and triggered the researchers to fabricate an artificial superhydrophobic surface for real-time applications. In this paper, the development of bioinspired materials is combed in accordance with time evolution. Besides, the advantages/disadvantages of numerous preparations in superhydrophobic coating are discussed through the recent researches. In addition, the recent advances of superhydrophobic applications are summarized, such as self-cleaning behavior, anti-icing properties, anti-corrosion performance and oil/water separation. Particularly, this review introduces the mechanism and implementation of anti-icing properties by superhydrophobic coating. As for superhydrophobic coating, current challenges are pointed out and its future development for applications is prospected. Overall, this review provides a reference for research and development of superhydrophobic coatings.

As a new solid-state lighting source, the white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) have a greatly promising application in the field of lighting and display. They have superior advantages of high luminous efficacy, fast response speed and long service life, etc. compared with the existing light sources (incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, etc.). At present the WLEDs are commonly fabricated by combination of a blue LED chip and YAG: Ce ³⁺ yellow-emitting phosphor, and combination of a ultraviolet-near ultraviolet excitation chip and red-green-blue (RGB) emitting color phosphors, compared with the above two phosphors, the single-phase phosphors containing white emission have the advantages of a higher luminous efficacy, color rendering. Meanwhile, the single-phase phosphors may effectively solve the reabsorption problem existing in RGB phosphors. There have been a large number of reports on the research of single-phase phosphors, involving a variety of material systems. According to the principle of luminescence, it can be simply divided into three groups: single ion doped system, multi-ion doped system and other systems which do not rely on rare earth ion to light. This paper reviews the research progress of single-matrix WLEDs phosphors, and points out the problems in their development, and forecasts the future development trend.

Design and preparation of near-infrared (NIR) especially NIR-Ⅱ (1000-1700 nm) fluorescence probe with favorable biocompatibility and high quantum yield have become the focus of noninvasive fluorescent imaging in recent years. In this study, Ag doped HgS QDs (HgAgS QDs) were prepared at different synthetic pH. With the increase of pH, the fluorescence emission peak of the HgAgS QDs red-shifted and then blue-shifted, reaching a maximum emission wavelength of 1110 nm (QY=8.12%) at pH 6.0. Atomic absorption spectroscopy showed that the doping amount of Ag (Ag/Hg ratio) changed regularly in HgAgS QDs prepared at different pH solutions, which was consistent with change of fluorescence emission position. It was proved that pH could tune the position of fluorescence emission peak by adjusting the doping amount of Ag. Moreover, the quantum yield (QY) of HgAgS QDs increased firstly and then decreased, presenting an optimum of 13.23% (λ_em=1100 nm) at pH 7.0. Cell viability tests demonstrated that the doping amount of Ag showed no significant effect on cytotoxicity. And all HgAgS QDs had no cytotoxicity at the concentration range of 1-50 μg/L, thus can be used as a pH-tunable NIR-Ⅱ fluorescent probe. These findings provide a promising application in the NIR fluorescent imaging and an interesting insight into the design and preparation of the NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence nanoprobe.

In recent years, flexible electronic devices have attracted much attention due to the potential applications in the fields of the Internet of Things and bioelectronics. The integration of functional oxide materials in flexible polymers has been proven an effective way to achieve high performance flexible electronic devices. However, due to high fabrication temperatures, the synthesis of high-quality oxide films directly on flexible polymer substrates remains a significant challenge. This study proposed a method for transferring printing large-area VO₂ film based on MoS₂/SiO₂ van der Waals heterojunctions. Due to different hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of MoS₂ and SiO₂ films, we can dissociate the MoS₂/SiO₂ van der Waals heterojunction interface only by using deionized water, and transfer printing the VO₂ films from Si/SiO₂/MoS₂/SiO₂/VO₂ to Si, SiO₂/Si and flexible substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the crystal structure of VO₂ films has no difference before and after the transfer process. Temperature-dependent Raman spectrum and infrared reflectance spectrum demonstrate good metal-insulator transition (MIT) performance of VO₂ films before and after transferring printing. These results indicate an effective method for transferring printing functional oxide films, which enables low-temperature integration of VO₂ thin films on arbitrary substrates without introducing sacrificial layer and corrosive solvents. Our study provides a new way for integrating functional oxides for flexible wearable electronic devices applications.

First-principle approach based on density functional theory and experimental method were used to study the interface bonding of SiC/Al substituted by alloy elements Mg, Si and Cu. The electronic structure and bonding of alloy elements at interface segregation were investigated. The results show that bridge-site model with bridge Si is the most stable combination way of SiC/Al interface after optimization of the interface structure of pure Al/SiC system. When Al atoms at the interface replaced by alloy elements separately, the electronic structural parameters such as partial density of states, Mulliken charge and bonding population, all vary in different degree, which not only increase the binding of Si and Al atoms at the interface, but also increase the interaction among alloy atoms, Al matrix and SiC reinforcement at the interface and sub-interface. It is conducive to enable the system more stable and the adhesion work of interface more differently. Among them, the increased adhesion work is the most obvious when Mg is doped, followed by Cu and Si. Furthermore, the adhesion work of Al/SiC systems doped alloy elements calculated by first-principle is close to the experimental values, and the law of change is the same.

The surface of ZrH_1.8 was subjected to micro-arc oxidation treatment in a constant pressure mode using graphene as an additive in Na₅P₃O₁₀-KOH-Na₂EDTA electrolyte. Adhesion of the ceramic layer to the substrate was tested using a coating scratch tester. Hydrogen barrier property of the ceramic layer were evaluated by vacuum dehydrogenation experiments. After adding graphene to the electrolyte, the micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer on the ZrH_1.8 surface is composed of an inner dense layer and a loose outer layer. XRD pattern shows that the ceramic layer is mainly composed of M-ZrO₂ and T-ZrO₂ phases. As the concentration of graphene increases, the permeation reduction factor (PRF) of the ceramic layer increases firstly and then decreases. When the concentration of graphene is 0.10 g/L, the thickness of the ceramic layer is about 66.5 μm, with less surface pores and cracks, denser ceramic layer, PRF at 13.2, and better hydrogen barrier performance.

Magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate (MOS) nanowires were prepared with hydrothermal method by using potassium acid phthalate (KHpht) as the complexant. Complexation formed by pht ^2- and Mg ²⁺ in this preparation system was analyzed by potentiometric titration. The effect of pht ^2- adsorption on MOS nanowires was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These results show that pht ^2- complexes with Mg ²⁺ in the reaction system substantially decreases free Mg ²⁺ concentration and solution supersaturation. Chemical bonding between Mg ²⁺ and pht ^2- exists on the surface of MOS crystal. Owing to the different configuration of the crystal lattice, pht ^2- adsorption on the lateral growth plane is more preferential than that on the axial growth plane, resulting in the formation with ratio of MOS nanowires.

Using earth abundant graphite sheets as raw material, carbonyl groups modified graphite sheets were prepared via a simple gaseous-phase oxidation strategy. As-prepared carbonyl groups modified graphite sheets catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) to propene with high target product selectivity: the product contains 73.9% propene and 13% ethene when the propane conversion is 12.4%. Its high target product selectivity was much better than carbon nanotube that treated by gaseous-phase oxidation, and could compare favorably with the state-of-the-art hexagonal boron nitride catalysts. After 48 h stability test at 505 ℃, there was no obvious variation in the propane conversion and olefins selectivity, demonstrating the remarkable stability of the carbonyl groups modified graphite sheets catalysts. The characterization results revealed that gaseous-phase oxidation didn’t destroy the structure of graphite sheets and inherit the nature of high thermal stability against oxidation. The content of carbonyl groups increased significantly after gaseous-phase oxidation treatment. As active sites, carbonyl groups could abstract the hydrogen atoms from propane and form hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl groups could react with oxygen atom and regenerate to carbonyl group. The high target product selectivity can be attributed to the controllable reaction style on catalyst surface. Furthermore, graphite sheets are rich in resource and low cost. As a catalyst, it would promote the industrialization of ODHP.

The plasma Bi/Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composite nanofibers were prepared via a facile one-step solvothermal method, using electrospun TiO₂ nanofibers as substrate, and glucose as reducing agent. The photocatalytic activity of the samples were evaluated by photodegradation of rhodamine B and 4-chlorophenol solution under visible light irradiation. The results showed that metal Bi nanoparticles were generated on the surface of Bi₂MoO₆ nanosheets via reduction of Bi ³⁺ in situ by glucose, meanwhile grew on the TiO₂ nanofibers surface. The photocatalytic activity of the Bi/Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites nanofibers can be further improved by depositing metallic Bi owing to its surface plasmon resonance. The RhB catalyzed by the sample was degraded by 95.8% under visible light irradiation for 50 min, and the degradation efficiency remained over 92% after 5 cycles while the 4-CP was degraded for 68.8% under visible light irradiation for 180 min. All above results suggest that the photocatalysts have good photocatalytic activity and stability.

Two kinds of platinum catalysts with different morphologies were prepared by loading platinum atoms on titanium dioxide nanosheets via electrostatic adsorption. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) characterization show that the morphology and structure of platinum could be controlled by changing the platinum loading. With low Pt loading (0.2wt%), the platinum atoms were mainly nanoclusters with a radius of about 2 nm. When the Pt loading increased to 1wt%, the platinum atoms stack into nanoparticles on the titanium dioxide nanosheets. The catalytic hydrogen evolution activity of titanium dioxide nanosheets can be improved obviously by regulating the platinum loading and nanostructure. Under AM1.5 solar light, the Tafel slope of both catalysts were less than 100 mV/dec, i.e. 56 and 90 mV/dec, respectively. Compared with TiO₂-Pt1% catalyst, TiO₂-Pt0.2% has a more ideal metal-semiconductor interface, which is favorable for photogenic electrons to migrate to the surface of platinum nanoclusters, and thus perform a higher catalytic activity. This experiment provides a new way for preparing platinum catalysts with high efficiency.

MoS₂ quantum dots (QDs) decorated NH₂-MIL-125 (MoS₂ QDs/NH₂-MIL-125) heterostructures were successfully fabricated by a facile method. XRD results exhibit that NH₂-MIL-125 and MoS₂ form crystals in the synthesis process of MoS₂ QDs/NH₂-MIL-125 heterojunctions. TEM results demonstrated clearly that the MoS₂ Quantum dots with size of about 4 nm successfully disperse on the surface of NH₂-MIL-125 plate. Compared with bulk MoS₂ and NH₂-MIL-125, the MoS₂ QDs/NH₂-MIL-125 heterostructures exhibit enhanced photocatalytic performance in degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation, about 5.8 and 7.4 times higher that of pure bulk MoS₂ and NH₂-MIL-125, respectively. Meanwhile, MoS₂ QDs/NH₂-MIL-125 composites exhibit good stability and reusability during cycle experiment. The excellent photocatalytic activity of MoS₂ QDs/NH₂-MIL-125 heterostructures is attributed to the formation of heterojunctions between MoS₂ QDs and NH₂-MIL-125, Tacilitating separation of the photogenerated charge carries. PL results prove that MoS₂ QDs/NH₂-MIL-125 composites own lower recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, resulting in superior photocatalytic ability.

Yellow emission phosphors play an important role in fabrication of near ultraviolet (NUV) chip pumped white light emitting diodes (W-LEDs). In this study, doping of Gd₂W₃O₁₂ host with Tb ³⁺ and Eu ³⁺/Sm ³⁺ were used for obtaining yellow light emission. The excitation of Gd ³⁺ typically is in deep ultraviolet region, but Gd ³⁺ in Gd₂W₃O₁₂ does not emit under the excitation of 382 nm, thus Gd ³⁺ does not interfere with the emission from Tb ³⁺ and Eu ³⁺/Sm ³⁺ for obtaining yellow emission. Due to the similar ionic radii, the doping of Gd ³⁺ by Tb ³⁺ can be achieved in the full concentration range, and at the optimal concentration of 75mol% Tb ³⁺, green emission with reasonably high internal quantum efficiency of 37.6% was obtained. With the optimal doping concentration of Tb ³⁺, Eu ³⁺/Sm ³⁺ was co-doped in the Gd₂W₃O₁₂ host, and bright yellow emission with IQE of 39.6% and 47.8% were obtained. The yellow phosphors of Gd_0.494Tb_1.5Eu_0.006W₃O₁₂ and Gd_0.494Tb_1.5Sm_0.006W₃O₁₂ were used to fabricate W-LED devices with NUV-blue chips. Thus, Gd_0.5-yTb_1.5RE_yW₃O₁₂ (RE=Eu, Sm) phosphors are candidates as the yellow phosphors for fabricating W-LED devices. Additionally, the full-range doping strategy can be used in other systems for obtaining efficient phosphors.

SiC@SiO₂ nanocables (NC), as a new functional nanocomposite, have captured widespread attention due to their excellent performances and widely application prospects. Therefore, it is significant to develop a kind of effective, economical and environmental method to prepare SiC@SiO₂ NC. Herein, a catalyst free carbothermal reduction method was developed to synthesize SiC@SiO₂ NC fast and efficently, through heating the mixture of silicon powder and silica sol at 1500 ℃ in Ar. The NC is composed of single-crystal β-SiC core and amorphous SiO₂ sheath, with the length of hundreds of micrometers and the diameter of 60-80 nm. And the size of the core-shell can be adjusted by the holding time. The formation of the NC is explained based on the experimental data and the vapor-solid (VS) mechanism. The experiment results can also enrich the mechanism, and offer inspiration for their industrial-scale production.

Remineralization of early enamel caries lesions plays a crucial role in prevention and restoration of dental caries. Based on the crucial amino acids contained in enamel matrix, amino acids /hydroxyapatite (AA/HAP) composite was synthesized in the presence of 10 mmol/L glycine, 10 mmol/L L-serine and 5 mmol/L L-aspartic acid. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the composite were characterized. And its remineralization effect on acid-etched bovine enamel was evaluated. Under the inhibition properties of amino acids, the composite has lower crystallinity and higher biocompatibility compared to the hydroxyapatite (HAP) without amino acids. In vitro remineralization of acid-etched bovine enamel using AA/HAP was conducted in artificial saliva. After remineralization, the surface and cross-section morphology, the components, and the mechanical property of bovine enamel samples were characterized, respectively. The results showed that the AA/HAP could induce the restoration of both surface and subsurface enamel lesions. The amino acids released from the composite could adsorb on the organic matrix residues and induce the formation of parallel arranged HAP crystals, eventually formed significant surface microhardness (SMH) recovering.

Silicon nitride coatings on carbon fiber cloth were prepared by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) from gas mixtures of SiCl₄-NH₃-H₂ at temperatures ranging from 750 ℃to 1250 ℃. The effects of deposition temperature on the growth kinetics, morphologies, chemical composition and bonding state of the coatings were investigated. The results showed that deposition rate increased monotonously with temperature up to 1050 ℃, then it reversely decreased. In the whole temperature range, the coating surface morphology became gradually coarse with cauliflower-like grains as the deposition temperature increased. The optimal deposition temperature for infiltration was in the range between 750 and 950 ℃. Chemical composition analysis demonstrated that the nitrogen content of the coating firstly decreased and then increased with temperature increase, while the silicon content continuously increased and the oxygen content gradually decreased in the whole temperature range. Heat treatment at 1300 ℃ and above crystallized the coating. Concurrently, a significant change in its surface morphology was observed. All heat-treated coatings were exclusively composed of a-Si₃N₄, without the presence of any b-Si₃N₄.

Equivalent experimental conditions to those in space were used to characterize the effective thermal conductivity of the fiber fabric insulation used in the multilayer insulation system of the material preparation furnace loaded on Tiangong-2 Space Station. By evaluating the material following variations in the on-orbit temperature and on-track pressure, the microscopic heat transfer mechanism was studied. The furnace internal temperature field under different working conditions was also simulated according to the characterization results, and the data reliability was verified. The results showed that the effective thermal conductivity of the fiber fabric increases non-linearly with rising temperature; moreover, with lower pressures, the growth trends are gentler. With a pressure drop, the results present the trend of a decaying exponential function with a critical pressure value. Radiation and gas phase heat conduction are the main factors affecting the heat transfer of the fiber fabric under the microgravity environment. Simulation results of the temperature field demonstrate that the temperature field distribution trend matches well with that of the measured results. The maximum calculation error of the furnace center is 1.3% of the measured temperature. This method can be used to evaluate the thermal insulation performance of the multilayer fiber material close to the practical working conditions more reasonably, and also to improve the accuracy of thermal simulation prediction models.