无机环境材料及其对环境污染物的去除
Inorganic Environmental Materials and Their Applications in Pollutant Removal
Online: 2020-03-20
作者简介 About authors
石伟群, 研究员, 2019 年获国家杰出青年科学基金资助。现为中国化学会核化学与放射化学分会及中国核学会锕系物理与化学分会常务理事、中国有色金属学会熔盐化学与技术专业委员会副主任委员, 并担任 Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 的国际顾问编委。长期从事核燃料循环化学与锕系元素化学相关基础研究。E-mail: shiwq@ihep.ac.cn
王祥科, 教授, 2003年入选中科院百人计划“引进海外杰出人才”, 2012年获国家杰出青年科学基金资助, 2015年被评为教育部长江学者特聘教授, 2017年入选中组部万人计划领军人才。主要从事三废治理、纳米材料在废水处理、等离子体技术应用、环境污染检测和治理中的应用等方面的研究工作。E-mail: xkwang@ncepu.edu.cn
随着人类现代化进程的加快和社会经济的飞速发展, 传统能源消耗不断加快, 气候变化问题日益凸显。现代工业特别是化学工业的发展在给人们带来便利的同时, 也给与人类生活息息相关的生态环境带来了前所未有的改变, 导致环境问题成为当今世界面临的巨大挑战。为了更好地应对挑战, 保护我们赖以生存的家园, 广大科研工作者不断寻求和探索绿色环保并能高效利用的新材料与新技术, 着力解决日益严峻的环境污染问题。在这种形势下, 新型环境材料与技术受到了广泛重视并得到迅猛发展。
环境材料, 顾名思义, 是针对环境问题而设计发展的材料。环境问题的核心是环境污染, 当前人们密切关注的环境污染物包括气体污染物、持久性有机污染物和重金属污染物等。近年来随着核工业的崛起和发展, 放射性污染物也日益受到重视。通过不同手段对环境中的这些污染物进行分离去除是环境污染治理的主要方法。在过去几十年间, 研究人员不断开发出去除特定污染物的新材料。这些材料种类繁多, 结构多样, 性能各异。研究较多的包括传统的分子筛[
从已有文献来看, 提高污染物去除的效率和选择性一直是无机环境材料领域的研究热点和努力方向。与有机材料相比, 无机材料虽然具有更高的稳定性, 但是通常对污染物去除效率偏低和选择性不佳, 这主要是因为无机材料表面缺少活性功能基团。为了克服这一缺点, 常规做法是对无机材料进行功能化修饰。将对目标污染物具有强结合能力的功能基团通过物理或化学手段修饰在材料表面[
总而言之, 经过几十年的发展, 无机环境材料研究已经取得了显著进展, 但为了更好地解决日益严峻的环境问题, 仍然需要广大材料研究者们攻坚克难, 不懈努力。
With the fast advancement of human modernization and rapid development of social economy, traditional energy consumption has been enormously increased and climate change has therefore become a very challenging issue for the human being. The development of modern industry, especially the chemical industry, has brought not only convenience to people, but also unprecedented destruction to the ecological environment closely related to human life. Energy and environmental issues have become a global challenge for us today. In order to better deal with the challenges and protect our living homeland, the majority of researchers are constantly seeking and exploring new materials and technologies which are environmentally friendly and can be used efficiently, aiming to solve increasingly serious environmental problems. In current stage, environmental materials and technologies have received ever-increasing attention and are developing rapidly.
Environmental materials, as the name implies, are materials designed and developed for environmental issues. The key issue of environmental problems is environmental pollution. At present, the widely concerned pollutants include gas pollutants, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and heavy metals. At the same time, with drastic development of nuclear energy industry in the past two decades in China, radioactive pollutants have also received increasing attention. Separation and removal of these pollutants from environment by certain means is an effective and common method for environmental pollution control. Therefore, the key for solving environmental problems is to develop materials and technologies that can effectively remove environmental pollutants. Plenty of versatile materials for specific contaminant removals have been reported over the past few decades. These materials come in a wide variety of functions, with varying structures and performance. Most concerned materials include traditional molecular sieves[
Based on the published works, many efforts in the field of inorganic environmental materials focused on improving the removal efficiency and selectivity toward one or more target pollutants. Inorganic materials have higher stability than organic materials, but possess low removal capacity and poor selectivity, due to lacking of active functional groups on the surface. Functionalization of inorganic materials should be a reasonable approach to overcome this drawback. It is well known that functional groups with strong binding or coordination ability to the target contaminant decorated on the surface of material by physical or chemical means can greatly improve the adsorption performance of inorganic materials[
In all, after decades of development, researches on inorganic environmental materials have made significant progress, whereas most of materials are still not satisfactory for industrial applications. In order to better solve the increasingly serious environmental problems, it is still necessary for the material researchers to overcome difficulties and make continuous efforts.
本文引用格式
石伟群, 王祥科.
SHI Weiqun, WANG Xiangke.
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