Two challenges faced by carbon membrane for application on commercial scale are its low permeability and poor mechanical strength. And it is attributed to the vermiform pore structures and special characteristics of carbon membranes. In order to solve these problems, methods such as choosing the precursors with suitable chemical structure and space mould, incorporating nanosize functional groups into precursors are employed to effectively change and improve the vermiform pore structures of carbon membranes and enhance the gas permeabilities of carbon membranes. The results indicate that the gas permeabilities of hybridized function carbon membranes are increased by 2 orders in magnitude without reducing the gas selectivity obviously. Besides, some functional carbon membranes have also revealed higher gas selectivity for some gases such as CO₂. The coalbased composite carbon membranes with high gas permselectivity are developed by dipcoating the precursors on the cheap coalbased supports invented by ourselves to improve the mechanical strength of carbon membranes.

Porous carbon/Fe nanocomposite was produced by vacuum impregnation method and following heattreatment process using activated carbon as the raw material. The surface area (BET) and the pore size distribution of the nanocomposite were measured through nitrogen adsorption method at 77K. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the microstructure and morphology. Surface area of the C/Fe nanocomposite is 450-650m²/g, and the composite also has a similar pore size distribution to activated carbon in mesoporous range. The C/Fe nanocomposite is composed of amorphous carbon, graphene nanoribbons and Fe nanoparticles. Fe nanoparticles that are encapsulated by graphitic layers distribute uniformly inside the amorphous carbon matrix. The graphene nanoribbons extend throughout the amorphous carbon matrix and interconnect each other to form a graphene nanoribbon network. Reaction process is investigated by a thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) method, and the growth mechanism of carbon nanoribbons is also discussed.

Combined the nitric acid oxidation method and in-situ polymerization method were applied to prepare two kinds of electromagnetic modified short carbon fibers (SCF), coated with aniline/magnetic liquid and aniline/magnetic powder. The morphology and element contents of the modified SCF were investigated by using SEM, EDS and XRD. The complex permittivity and complex permeability of the modified SCF were measured by Agilent PNALN5230A microwave network analyzer in 50MHz-2GHz band. The absorption loss was simulated by Matlab6.5 software. SEM observation indicated the polyaniline/magnetic liquid coating of modified SCF was integrated and compact, but the polyaniline/magnetic powder coating of modified SCF was integrated and incompact. The Fe element contents of the polyaniline/magnetic liquid coated SCF (modified SCF-A) and polyaniline/magnetic powder coated SCF (modified SCF-B) were 2.86at% and 3.12at%, respectively. The real part of the complex permittivity of modified SCF-A was higher than that of modified SCF-B, on the contrary, the imaginary part of the complex permittivity and the complex permeability of the modified SCF-A were lower than that of the modified SCF-B. The absorption loss of modified SCF-A and modified SCF-B were 3.06dB and 4.14dB, respectively.

HfO₂ dielectric thin films were deposited on Si(100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The structure of films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscope (EXAFS). The phonons modes and dielectric properties were investigated by far infrared spectroscope. These results show that the thin films deposited at room temperature and 400℃ are amorphous and monoclinic phase, respectively. The crystallization quality of the film is improved after annealing at 1000℃. The HfO₂ thin film has shorter Hf--O bonding length and higher disorder than those of HfO₂  powder. Some far infrared phonon modes disappear due to the higher disorder and worse crystalline quality of thin film, which causes the dielectric constant of thin film smaller than that of powder sample. However, main infrared phonon modes are preserved and the crystallized thin film still has enough value of dielectric

The La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ massive samples were prepared with crystal grain size about 30nm under high pressure . The structure, grain size and morphology of the samples were characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM). Raman spectra of the samples was carried out by microRaman spectrometer in the range of 100-3000cm-1 with the laser power of 400mW. The results showed that the grain evolution of La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ was influenced by temperature and pressure. When the agglomeration temperature was below 300℃, the grain growth rate increased with increasing pressure at the sintering pressure of 1-3GPa while it fell down as pressure rised continuously at the sintering pressure of 4-5GPa. The grain growth rate increased with increment of pressure when the agglomeration temperature was over 300℃. Physical properties of agglomeration samples synthesized under high pressure were studied. Experimental results indicated that the microhardness of samples increased obviously after high pressure agglomeration. When sintering temperature was 300℃, the resistivity of samples decreased firstly then increased with increment of pressure. The sample prepared under 5GPa at 300℃ had obviously ferromagnetic character at room temperature.

LiFePO₄/C composite with carbon core structure was successfully synthesized by using epoxy resin as carbon source. The microstructure, morphology, surface composition of LiFePO₄/C composite were characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). Their electrochemical properties were investigated in terms of galvanostatic chargedischarge and electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS) tests. The experimental results show that LiFePO₄/C composite with carbon core structure is composed of amorphous carbon line core and nanometer LiFePO₄ grains. The initial discharge capacity of LiFePO₄/C composite is 166mAh/g at current density of 15mA/g. Its initial discharge capacity is 131mAh/g with capacity retention of 99.2% after 50 cycles at current density of 750mA/g.

TBT/PMMA organic-inorganic hybrid honeycomb patterned film was prepared by Breath Figures method, then it was suffered vapor phase hydrothermal treatment and transformed into ordered porous TiO₂ film via pyrolysis process. The hole structure was investigated during the vapor phase hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis process. The results show that, during the vapor phase hydrothermal treatment, TBT hydrolyzes to titanium hydrogen oxide hydrates, forming the strongerTiOnetworks, which therefore prevents the PMMA from “liquefied” in the pyrolysis process, as a result the ordered porous TiO₂ film is obtained. Compared with non-hydrothermal treated TiO₂ film, the resulted ordered porous TiO₂ film enhances the photoelectrochemical response and its photocurrent density is increased by 3 times under UV light irradiation.

Thin films of TiO₂ nanotube arrays were fabricated by anodic oxidation method in different electrolyte solution. The morphology of the film and the diameter of the nanotubes were observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The crystal type of the film before and after heattreatment were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Laser Raman.The results show that the electrolyte solution and applied votage have great effect on microstructure of the films. High order-aligned TiO₂ nanotube arrays of 110nm in outer diameter are prepared at 20V in the 0.24wt% HF aqueous solution. Films of nanotube arrays of 100nm in outer diameter are prepared at 20V in 0.5wt％NaF+2.7wt% Na₂SO₄ aqueous solution and 0.88wt% NH₄F glycerol-water (vol ratio 1∶1) mixture solution. The outer diameter (d) of nanotubes increase linearly with applied voltage (U) in the range of 0-25V which can be described as d=k×U+b with k=5.2nm/V and b=2.2nm. TiO₂ nanotube arrays with amorphous structure is transformed to anatase after annealed at 450℃ for 2h.

CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were prepared in aqueous phase using thioglycolic acid (TGA), L-cysteine(L-Cys), and glutathione (GSH) as stabilizing agents.  The luminescent properties of CdTe QDs with different stabilizing agents were studied by using fluorescence spectra. FTIR spectra analysis demonstrates that CdTe QDs are capped with stabilizing agents through the coordination interaction between Cd²⁺ and S. Fluorescence spectra show that CdTe QDs with longer emission wavelength (680nm) can be synthesized more easily when L-Cys or GSH is chosen as stabilizing agents and TGA is proper to prepare highly luminescent QDs because of the effect between Cd2+ and sulfhydryl group. The MTT assay and morphology analysis of U87MG cells suggest that the QDs with different stabilizing agents are all toxic to cells. The cytotoxicity of TGAQDs is higher than that of L-Cys- and GSH- CdTe. The cell viability is only 52.6% when U87MG cells are treated with 20μg/mL of TGA-QDs for 24h.

Nano calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (cd-HA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) composite scaffold with well interconnected and open macropores was prepared by rapidprototyping technique, and its pore size and porosity was controlled. In addition, the characterization of the microstructure of the cdHA/PCL composite scaffold was carried out. The biological properties of the composite scaffold were investigated through cell culture and animal model experiments. The results showed that the hydrophilicity and cell attachment ratio of the composite increased with the increase of cd-HA content in the cd-HA/PCL composite, and the proliferation ratio of the MG63 cells on the composite scaffold was much higher than that on the PCL scaffold. Radiological and histological examinations confirmed that the newly bony tissue formed on the surfaces of the composite scaffold and grew into the pores of the composite scaffolds. The well interconnected macropores in the composite scaffolds might encourage cell proliferation and thus enhance new bone formation in the porous scaffolds. In summary, the results indicates that the cd-HA/PCL composite scaffold with excellent biocompatibility has potential application in tissue engineering.

Effects of the concentrations of Xiangdan injection on properties of calcium phosphate cement（CPC） and the drug release rate were investigated, which would offer the theory evidence for optimizing the concentration of Xiangdan in CPC. Xiangdan and calcium hydrogen phosphate (DCPD) were mixed and dried to prepare Xiangdanloaded DCPD which was subsequently used to prepare CPCs containing various concentrations of Xiangdan. The properties of CPCs with various Xiangdan concentrations were characterized by Gilmore needles, universal material mechanical machine, Xray diffraction (XRD), Fouriertransform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The in vitro drug release was studied. The setting time increased with increasing Xiangdan concentration in CPC, while the setting time at a concentration of or below 0.2mL/g could meet the clinic requirement. The compressive strength increased with increasing Xiangdan concentration in CPC. No significant difference in the phase component and conversion degree was observed in the hydrated CPC with and without Xiangdan. SEM tests found that the morphology of crystals changed from particles to plates with the increase of Xiangdan concentration in CPC. In the first 4h, the in vitro release of Xiangdan from CPC with a Xiangdan concentration of 0.1-0.5mL/g could satisfy with the clinic requirement. It can be concluded that both the properties of CPC and the in vitro release of Xiangdan from CPC could meet the clinical applications in the primary stage when Xiangdan concentrations were in the range of 0.1-0.2mL/g.

A novel antibacterial composite, zinc pyrithione/montmorillonite(ZPT/MMT) was in situ prepared by introducing pyrithione anion into the galleries of zinc-exchanged montmorillonite. The results of XRD, FT-IR, TG, DSC and UV-Vis DRS show that pyrithione anion exists in the form of zinc pyrithione, resulting in an increase of basal spacing of montmorillonite (d₀₀₁ value) from 1.29nm to 1.85nm, and the ZPT/MMT has a favorable light and thermal stability (the decomposition temperature is above 240℃). Antibacterial assays indicate that ZPT/MMT has an excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus.

A series of C_1-x-yN_xZr_y composite films were deposited on a cemented carbide substrate using pulsed bias arc ion plating by adjusting the nitrogen flow rate and the Zr target arc current simultaneously with  the graphite target arc current fixing. The Zr and N contents in the films increase linearly while the C content shows an inverse trend as the Zr target arc current and N flow rate increase. The Raman spectra indicate that the deposited films are the characteristic diamondlike carbon. XRD results show that the ZrN crystalline phase is formed in the films. The hardness first increases and then decreases with increasing Zr and N contents, reaching the highest superhard value of 43.6GPa at x=0.19, y=0.28.

Ni-CeO₂ nanocomposite coatings were prepared by pulse electrodeposition method in an ultrasonic field. The CeO2 content in the Ni-CeO₂ nanocomposite coatings and surface morphology of the nanocomposite coatings were examined. The corrosion resistance of Ni-CeO₂ nanocomposite coatings in 10% HCl solution was studied using static immersion method. Effects of the pulse parameters by electrodeposition with ultrasound on the corrosion resistance of Ni-CeO₂ nanocomposite coatings were analyzed. The results show that the pulse parameters and ultrasound conditions obviously influence the CeO₂ content in coatings and the microstructure of the nanocomposite coatings. Moderate pulse parameters can increase the CeO₂ content in the coatings and refine grains, while ultrasound can make the grains finer. The corrosion resistance of the Ni-CeO₂ nanocomposite coatings is related to the CeO₂ content in coatings, grain size and compact microstructure of the coatings. The best corrosion resistance for the Ni-CeO₂ nanocomposite coating is obtained under the condition of 0.2 duty cycle and 1000Hz pulse frequency in the presence of ultrasound, where Ni-CeO₂ nanocomposite coating has higher CeO₂ content, finer grains and more compact microstructure.

An SiC/AlPO₄ multilayers coating was fabricated on the carbon/carbon (C/C) composites by using the pack cementation and the hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition method. Phase compositions and microstructures of the as-prepared multi-layers coating were characterized by XRD and SEM. The influences of AlPO₄ crystalline structure on microstructure and antioxidation property of the as-prepared multi-layers coating were investigated respectively. Results show that AlPO₄ crystalline structure has strongly influence on the microstructure and antioxidation property of multi-layers coating. The porous coating with many defects is obtained using berlinite-type (B-AlPO₄) powder. Coating density and uniformity have been greatly improved by using tridymite-type AlPO₄ (T-AlPO₄) powder, but there are some small holes, and scale of cracks between the coating and the substrate can be observed. Very dense and homogeneous coating is obtained using cristobalite-type AlPO₄ (C-AlPO₄) powder. No visible micro-cracks and other defects at the interface between C-AlPO₄ coating and substrate can be observed. The C-AlPO₄ coating exhibits better antioxidation property. The as-prepared C-AlPO₄ coating could effectively protect C/C composites from oxidation at 1500℃  in air for 21h with a weight loss of 0.41wt%.

Mullite whisker was prepared via nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel route using tetraethoxysilane and anhydrous aluminium chloride as precursors and ether as oxygen donor.The prepared mullite whisker is 0.2-2.0μm in diameter, with aspect ratio of 60-70. Effects of processing parameters on the mullite whisker were also studied by means of XRD, SEM and TEM, including activity of mullite xerogel, addition way and amount of mineralizer AlF₃, forming pressure and calcining temperature. The results indicate that the mullite xerogel prepared by the constant pressure reflux, transforms into the whisker with high yield and good quality after being shaped into disc at the pressure of 12MPa and calcined at 1200℃ for 1h with outside addition of 3wt% AlF₃.

The thermal annealing is an effective means of structural adjustment and performance improvement for AlN ceramics. AlN ceramics prepared at high pressure with Y₂O₃ as sintering additive, were annealed at high-pressure (5.0GPa) in a chinese cubic anvil ultra high-pressure and hightemperature device. The effects of high pressure annealing on microstructure and thermal conductivity of aluminum nitride ceramics were studied. The results show that the grain size of the AlN ceramics annealed at 5.0GPa and 970℃ for 2h is significantly increased, the actual crystal morphology is realistic and the second phases are almost present at the grain boundaries or triple pockets compared with the samples before annealing at high pressure. Its thermal conductivity reaches 173.2W/(m·K), which is 2.2 times of the samples without heat annealing at high pressure. However, while the annealing time is extended to the 4h, the pore size of AlN ceramics is increased with anti -densification. And the thermal conductivity of AlN ceramics annealed at 5.0GPa and 970℃ for 4h is reduced to 80.9W/(m·K).

Nanoscale lead magnesium niobate (PMN) powders of perovskite phase were synthesized by the screw grinder for 3h starting from raw materials of oxides. The influences of reaction conditions on products, such as weight of raw materials, grind power and grind time, were studied in detail. The results show that high grind power can reduce the synthesis time, improve the purity of products and decrease the particle size. The mechanochemical mechanism of PMN synthesis is confirmed via cross reaction experiments between raw materials. Magnesium niobate is firstly formed through mechanochemical reaction between MgO and Nb₂O₅, then reacted with PbO to get the PMN finally.

A serial of chalcogenide glasses based on Ge-Ga-S-CsI system doped with the different Ho³⁺ ions were synthesized by meltquenching technique. The properties of glasses including refractive indexes, absorption spectra, midinfrared emission spectra and lifetimes of 5I6 level of Ho³⁺ ions were measured. The Judd Ofelt intensity parameters Ω_i (i=2,4,6), oscillator strength fcal, spontaneous transition probabilities Arad for Ho³⁺ ion were calculated by Judd-Ofelt theory. Multiphonon relaxation rates of the Ho³⁺∶⁵I₅→⁵I₆  and ⁵I₆→⁵I₇ in Ge-Ga-S-CsI glasses were evaluated. Effect of Ho³⁺ ion concentration on the fluorescence spectra was investigated. The results indicate that the fluorescence under 900 nm excitation with peak wavelength at 2.81μm and 3.86μm are due to

the Ho³⁺∶⁵I₅→⁵I₆ and ⁵I₆→⁵I₇ transition, respectively. The intensity of the mid-infrared fluorescence are enhanced with the Ho³⁺ ion concentration increasing from 0.5wt% to 1.0wt%. Multiphonon relaxation rates are 29s^-1 and 34s^-1 for the Ho³⁺∶⁵I₅→⁵I₆ and ⁵I₆→⁵I₇  transition, respectively.

Up-conversion luminescence properties and energytransfer processes in Er³⁺,Yb3⁺ and Tb³⁺ single doped or co-doped oxyfluorogermanate glasses were studied under 980nm laser excitation. Green and red up-conversion emissions around 524, 546 and 658nm which can be assigned to the Tb³⁺∶⁵D₄→⁷F_J (J=5 and 0) and Er³⁺∶(²H_11/2, ⁴S_3/2 and ⁴F_9/2)→^4I_15/2 transitions, respectively, were strongly observed at room temperature. Up-conversion luminescence intensity depended on the YbF₃, TbF₃ concentration and excitationpower density. The energy transfer processes among Er³⁺, Yb³⁺ and Tb3⁺, and up-conversion mechanisms were discussed.

Au nanoparticles surfacemodified titania nanotubes were produced by direct current (DC) magnetic sputtering technology. The morphology of the nanotubes was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Opto-electronic properties were tested under UV light. Comparing with original titania nanotubes, Au/TiO₂ nanotubes can generate the photocurrent with great improvements in constant potential and dynamic potential. At constant potential (1.0V) test under UV light, the photovoltaic current generated by Au/TiO₂ is 0.4mA, 1.8-fold of original nanotubes’. While at dynamic photocurrent (-1.5V to 1.5V) test, the photocurrent has reached 0.75mA, which is 3.75-fold of that for original nanobubes under the scan voltage of 1.5V.