The integration of organic and inorganic fragments within the pore wall of the periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) represents one of the recent breakthroughs in the fields of material science. The organic moieties distributed uniformly in the mesoporous framework will not block the pore, which is beneficial to the diffusion of guest molecule. The surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, mechanical and hydrothermal stability of the PMOs could be easily tuned. The unique features of the PMOs make them attractive in many applications. The recent progresses in the synthesis, characterization and application of the PMOs are summarized, with special emphasis on their applications in catalysis, adsorption, separation, and photoelectricity. The future development of the PMOs is also prospected.

Cr-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by one-step flame spray pyrolysis technique. The effects of Cr³⁺ doping on the microstructure, light absorption property, and photocatalytic activity of the samples were investigated. It is found that increasing Cr³⁺ concentration restrains the formation of anatase and simultaneously favors the formation of rutile. At low concentration (≤1%), Cr is mainly incorporated into the crystal lattice of TiO₂ in the form of Cr³⁺, while high Cr concentration promotes the formation of Cr₂O₃ clusters. The result of photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol demonstrates that appropriate Cr³⁺ doping can evidently enhance the visible-light photocatalytic activity of TiO₂. The optimal Cr3+ concentration to obtain the highest photocatalytic activity is 1at%. The improvement of visible-light photocatalytic activity derived from Cr doping is mainly related to the enhancement of visible light absorption, appropriate crystalline composition, and improved transfer efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes.

Nitrogen doped SrTiO3 was prepared by solid phase method, and NiO(CoO)/N-SrTiO₃ heterojunction complex catalysts with different NiO or CoO loading contents were further obtained via impregnation-hydrogen reduction method. The as-obtained photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-Vis DRS and Fluorescence spectrum techniques. The photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity and the variation laws under simulated sunlight irradiation were investigated. The effect of different treatment methods of loading NiO on hydrogen generation activity of nitrogen doped SrTiO₃ was also studied. The results demonstrate that the photocatalytic activity of the oxides loaded complex catalyst treated by hydrogen reduction firstly and then oxidation is higher than that of the oxides loaded complex catalyst treated by direct oxidation. Comparing with the single catalysts, the asprepared NiO/N-SrTiO₃, CoO/N-SrTiO₃ complex photocatalysts exhibit higher photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity under simulated sunlight irradiation. The optimal photocatalytic activity of hydrogen production is achieved when the loaded mass percentage is 1.0wt%, 0.5wt% respectively and the amount of hydrogen within 6h is 4.2, 4.9 times more than that of unloaded samples. The reason is that the heterojunction structure formed at the interface of two phases can act as the convenient unilateralism channel for the transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes in the process of photocatalytic reaction after loading the metal oxides, leading to the effective separation of photogenerated carriers, so as to enhance the photocatalytic activity of catalysts.

Transparent anatase titanium dioxide sol was prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of the peroxotitanium acid (PTA) as precursor, PTA was synthesized by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with the wellwashed wet titania precipitates. The TiO₂ nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis, PL, FT-Raman and TEM. It is confirmed the nanoparticles are shuttlelike and in the anatase phase with average diameter less than 10nm, most of which grow along the c-axis. The TiO₂ sol shows a band-gap emission at the wavelength of 368nm. Prolonging the hydrothermal time makes TiO₂ nanoparticles align and form the longer nanorods with aspect ratio more than 10 via the oriented attachment mechanism. Moreover, more stronger emission is observed in the sol prepared for a prolonged hydrothermal duration due to the formation of more longer nanorods.

TiO₂ nanotube array material was prepared by anodic oxidation of a pure titanium sheet. The average length and the diameter of the nanotubes were 1.8μm and 80-90nm respectively. After calcination at 400℃ for 2h, the amorphous nanotube walls converted to anatase phase without distortion and collapse. The TiO₂ nanotube array material was used as photocatalyst to degrade methylene blue solution under UV light irradiation and UV lightelectric field respectively. The synergetic effects of UV light and electric field on the degradation of methylene blue were investigated by changing the voltage from 0V to +3V. The highest synergetic efficiency of 124% is obtained under +1.4V. The degradation activity of the TiO₂ nanotube array material used for several times decreases little, which reveals that the TiO₂ nanotube array is adhered to the metal substrate stably.

TiO₂ aerogels were prepared by sol-gel method at ambient pressure using tetrabutyl titanate as raw material, formamide as drying control chemical additive, tetralthyl orthosilcate(TEOS)/ethanol as pore fluids extractant. The structural properties of aerogel samples were characterized by means of XRD, BET, TEM, SEM, EDS and FT-IR, etc. Experimental results show that asprepared TiO₂ aerogel is in amorphous state with the apparent density of 0.375g/cm³, the specific surface area of 523m²/g and the average pore size of about 9.9nm. After calcinated at 850℃ in air for 4h, the sampletransforms from amorphous state to anatasetype crystal, while its’ pore volume shrinks and average pore size increases to 16.3nm, the specific surface area reduces to 208m²/g. TiO₂ aerogel prepared by the above method presents excellent thermal stability and high specific surface area.

Hybrid hydrogels were synthesized by sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde added by colloidal silica solutions. Carbon/silica hybrid aerogels were prepared from the hydrogels by supercritical drying and carbonization. Carbon aerogels and silica aerogels were obtained by removing silica with HF etching and carbon with air burning from the hybrid aerogels respectively. Carbon xerogels were prepared by ambient drying, carbonization and HF etching from the hydrogels. The microstructures of the four kinds of gels were characterized by TEM and N₂ adsorption. It is found that the carbon and silica frameworks are continuous and interpenetrated each other. The silica framework can improve the strength of hybrid gels, which can decrease the volume shrinkages by preventing collapse of the hybrid framework during supercritical drying and carbonization, resulting in carbon aerogels with high specific surface area of 934m²/g and large total pore volume of 3.9cm³/g.

Coppermodified hexagonal mesoporous silica (Cu-HMS) was in situ prepared with sol-gel method. The structure and the performance of Cu-HMS were characterized by XRD, TG-DTA, ESR, UV-Vis, FT-IR, ESEM, EDS and N₂ adsorptiondesorption isotherms. Based on bacteriostasis experiments of E. coil, S. aureus, B. subtilis and G. bacillus, the antibacterial ability of the sample was also investigated. The results show that the particles of Cu-HMS look like regular thallus, the specific surface area is 533m²/g, the average pore size is 3.6nm, and the copper ions are presented in framework of the sample, especially. The sample has favorable mesoporous structure, thermal stability and ultraviolet-visible-light absorption ability. Furthermore, The bacteriostasis experimental results show that Cu-HMS has favourable and steady antibacterial ability. When the dosage of Cu-HMS is 20mg/L, the bacteriostasis ability may be visibly detected in 12h, while the dosage is up to 200mg/L, E. coil, S. aureus and B. subtilis may be killed after 24h.

Siliceous mesocellular foam (MCF) was employed as carriers in the immobilization of papain, and the properties and the stabilities of the immobilized enzyme were investigated in detail. The results show that the amount of papain immobilized on MCF material reaches 334 mg/g MCF. The optimal pH and reaction temperature of the immobilized papain are 7.5 and 50℃, respectively. The Michaelis constant (Km) of immobilized papain is disclosed as 6.99×10^-3mol/L by the Lineweaver-Burk plot at 37℃. The immobilized papain with 65.1% of the activity remaines after repeating the catalysis of casein for 8 times. After stored at 4℃ for 60d, the immobilized papain retaines 75% of the activity, while the free papain only retains 53.6%.The pH, thermal, operational, storage stabilities of the immobilized enzyme are improved due to the large pore microenvironment and the shield of the mesopores of MCF, which can be considered as excellent supports for papain immobilization.

The precipitated amorphous calcium phosphates (ACP) were modified by stearic acid (SA) at about 78℃ for different times, using ethanol as reaction medium in a reflux setup. Modification effects of SA were investigated by activation ratio, contact angle, FTIR and TGA/DTA. The stability of the ACP powders before and after modification was examined by FTIR, XRD and TGA/DTA. The results show that the optimal adding amount of SA is 5 wt%, there are about 4 wt% SA on the surface of the ACP powders, and SA reacts with ACP to form -COOCa and HPO₄^2- groups which leads to a hydrophobic coating form on the ACP surface containing the long alkyl chain of SA. The ethanol mediated reflux method does not induce phase conversion of ACP at about 78℃ for 24h, and the modified ACP powders are still amorphous even after stored in air at room temperature for more than one year. It is proposed that SA existing on the surface of the ACP powders has higher ability to retard conversion of ACP into its crystalline polymorphous than β-CD due to the strong steric hindrance of the long alkyl chain of SA.

The effects of 0.25CuO-0.75MoO₃ (in mole ratio, abbreviated to CM) addition on the sintering behavior, phase transition and microwave dielectric properties of ZnO-TiO₂ (ZT) ceramics were investigated. CM-doped ZT ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method and sintered at temperatures ranging from 900℃ to 1050℃. The micrographs, elemental composition, phase structures and microwave dielectric properties of the samples prepared were characterized or measured by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a network analyzer, respectively. It is demonstrated that both Cu²⁺ and Mo⁶⁺ are introduced into the lattice of the main phase which lower the decomposition temperature of ZnTiO₃ and the onset temperature at which Zn₂TiO₄ and rutile could form solid solution (Zn₂Ti₃O₈). Meanwhile, it is confirmed that, the doping of CM can effectively enhance the densification of ZT ceramics at relatively low sintering temperatures. The ZT ceramic sample with 4wt% CM addition sintered at 975℃ for 4h reaches a density value of 94% theoretical density, and exhibited microwave dielectric properties as follows: dielectric constant ε_r=28.6, quality factor Qf=12150GHz and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τ_f=+17.8×10^-6/℃.

The strontium ferrite microtubules were prepared by the solgel method using the absorbent cotton as template and calcined at different temperatures.And the hexagonal nano-SrFe₁₂O₁₉ was prepared by prime sol-gel method. The phase, morphology and particle diameter of samples were studied by XRD, SEM and TEM. The magnetic properties of samples were tested by VSM. It is found that the strontium ferrite microtubules are obtained through the absorbent cotton template. The microtubules is fabricated with the external diameter of 8μm to 13μm and the wall thickness of 1μm to 2μm. The coercive force and magnetization of the strontium ferrite microtubules are improved by 30％, 20％, respectively. The coercive force, the specific saturation magnetization and residual magnetization of the microtubules are 547.2kA/m, 70.1A·m²/kg and 42.4A·m²/kg, respectively. The formation mechanism of the microtubules are dicussed.

The Mtype strontium ferrite （SrFe₁₂O₁₉） hollow fibers were prepared by the organic gel-precursor transformation method using citric acid and metal salts as raw materials. The gel-precursors and the as-prepared fibers were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG/DSC, SEM and VSM. The results show that the gel spinnability is related with the chemical composition and pH value. The gel exhibits an appropriate spinning performance when the molar ratio of citric acid to the total metal ions is 1.5∶1.0 and the pH value is around 4.2. The M-type strontium ferrite hollow fibers obtained are characterized with high aspect ratio, thin diameters and ratio of the hollow diameter to the fiber diameter being about 1/2.The fibers calcined at 1100℃ are composed of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ nanoparticles with hexagonal plate morphology and average particle size of about several hundred nanometers. At room temperature, the saturation magnetization and coercivity of the M-type strontium ferrite hollow fibers calcined at 1100℃ are 53.5A·m²/kg and 386.96kA/m, respectively. These M-type strontium ferrite hollow fibers possess a shape anisotropy characteristic and the coercivity for the aligned hollow fibers parallel and parpendicular to the applied field is correspondingly 391.66kA/m and 358.72kA/m.

There are extensive applications for superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in the field of biomaterials. Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles coated with oleic acid were prepared in the refluxing mixed system of water, ethanol alcohol and toluene at 74℃. The effect of the OH^- concentration on the surface properties, size, dispersion and magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles was studied systematically. The properties of magnetite nanoparticles were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that when the molar ratio of NaOH to Fe(Ⅱ) is less than 8, magnetite nanoparticles coated with oleic acid can be dispersed easily in nonpolar solvents. The addition of NaOH has no obvious influence on the size and the saturation magnetization of magnetite nanoparticles. While the molar ratio of NaOH to Fe(Ⅱ) is more than 8, magnetite nanoparticles can only be dispersed in polar solvents, such as water. Although the saturation magnetization increases to 40A·m²/kg, magnetite nanoparticles are polydisperse and easy to agglomerate in water.

Ferrite-encapsulated cenosphere powders were prepared by citrate sol-gel method. The additive was used to improve the performance of ferrite coating. Microstructure of the products was tested by SEM and EDS. It was found that the coating was independent of the type of ferrite. Adding glycol or polyethylene glycol into the precursors can help the ferrite encapsulation. Microwave reflection loss of the coatings with thickness of 1.8mm made from ferrite-encapsulated cenosphere powders was tested in the frequency range from 5GHz to 18GHz. It was found that the ferrite-encapsulated cenosphere coating exhibited better microwave absorbing property than the pure ferrite. More, adding glycol can improve the microwave absorbing property of the coatings.