Protonic ceramic membrane fuel cells have received great attentions because they provide an effective way to reduce the operating temperatures of solid oxide fuel cells. A brief overview of current development in protonic ceramic membrane fuel cells with high temperature proton-conducting electrolytes is given, which points out that the poor chemical stability of traditional electrolyte materials for the protonic ceramic membrane fuel cell is the main obstacle for their applications. The present development of high temperature proton conductors with high chemical stability as electrolyte materials for protonic ceramic membrane fuel cells is reviewed, as well as the influence of novel element doping strategies on the chemical stability, ionic conductivity and sinterability for BaCeO₃-based materials. It also indicates the problems of high temperature proton conductors for protonic ceramic membrane fuel cells as well as their prospects.

When analyzing the contributions of these atoms occupying 3a and 3b sites in R3m to X-ray diffraction intensity of planes (hkl) in LiMeO₂, a “plus or minus” relationships are found. For the lines of plus relationship of the atoms to X-ray diffraction intensity has no relationship with the mixed occupying parameter X, but the minus ones do. Therefore, a novel method is proposed to study the atomic occupying problem of Li and Ni. The linear relationships between intensity ratio of (I₀₀₃/I₁₀₄)^1/2,(I₁₀₁/I₀₁₂)^1/2,(I₁₀₁/I₁₀₄)^1/2 and the mixing occupation parameter X are found. Meanwhile, using the data of the ratio of integrated diffraction intensity derived by the XRD experiment, the corresponding parameter X can be obtained from the linear equations directly.

A series of CeO₂-ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ oxygen storage materials were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption, oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and H₂-temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). The results of XRD show that the phase structure of CZA are not changed by the addition of Y³⁺ and Bi³⁺, and all samples remain the single cubic fluorite structure after calcination at 600℃ and 1000℃. According to the results of low temperature nitrogen adsorption, the textural properties and thermal stability of Ce_0.6Zr_0.3Y_0.1O_1.95-Al₂O₃（CZYA）make a great progress after the introduction of Y³⁺, and after calcination at 1000℃ for 5h, specific surface area and pore volume of CZYA achieve 80.75m²/g and 0.22mL/g, respectively. The results of OSC and H₂-TPR show that co-doping Y³⁺ and Bi³⁺ into CZA exhibit positive effect on OSC of the materials. The OSC of Ce_0.6Zr_0.2Y_0.1Bi_0.1O_1.9-Al₂O₃（CZYBA）calcinated at 600℃ and 1000℃ reach 461μmol/g and 242μmol/g, respectively. Meanwhile the redox property of CZYBA is enhanced, the reduction peak temperature can be reduced from 546℃ to 429℃ after calcination at 1000℃ for 5h.

ZrW₂O₇(OH)₂(H₂O)₂ powder was prepared by a hydrothermal reaction method and its thermal decomposition property, crystal structure, photon absorption property and specific surface area were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, DRS and BET, respectively. Its photocatalytic activity for H₂ and O₂ evolution from water splitting under UV light irradiation was examined in the presence of CH₃OH as electron donor and AgNO₃ as electron scavenger. The results show that ZrW₂O₇(OH)₂(H₂O)₂ is crystallized well in tetragonal phase, with absorption edge of 310nm, band gap energy of 3.9eV, and specific surface area of 5.9m²/g. The average rate of H₂ evolution over 0.3wt% Pt/ZrW₂O₇(OH)₂(H₂O)₂ is 3.7μmol/h and the average rate of O₂ evolution over ZrW₂O₇(OH)₂(H₂O)₂ is 27.8μmol/h, respectively. It is concluded that the hydroxy group containing ZrW₂O₇(OH)₂(H₂O)₂ has suitable band structure and possesses the photocatalytic ability to split water.

Polycrystalline skutterudite compounds Ba_xCo₄Sb₁₂ (0.2≤x≤0.8) were successfully synthesized by solid state reaction under high pressure (2-5GPa). The crystallographic figures and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis separately. Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity were measured at room temperature. The results show that high-pressure synthesis method can improve the Ba-filled content effectively. The samples have few micro-pores with fine-grai1ned structure, their grain diameter sizes are in the micro-nanometer range. The maximum power factor value of the sample Ba_0.8Co₄Sb₁₂ obtained at 4.25GPa is 13.19μW/(cm·K²).

The metallic films of Al and Sb were deposited alternately on quartz glass substrates by magnetron sputtering method and then annealed at hightemperature in vacuum to obtain AlSb polycrystalline. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the films before and after annealing were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Hall effect, the temperature dependence of the dark conductivity and UV-Vis transmission and reflection spectra. XRD results show that AlSb multilayers transform to AlSb polycrystalline cubic phase films with preferred orientation in (111) direction. The measurement results indicate that the annealed AlSb films are Ptype semiconductor with the carrier density of 1019cm^-3 and the absorption coefficient is higher than 104cm^-1 in the visible light. After annealed at 580℃, the indirect energy band-gap of the AlSb film is about 1.64eV. During the temperature increasing process, the conductivity activation energy Ea is 0.01 and 0.11eV. The open circuit voltage of 107mV is achieved in TCO/CdS/AlSb/ZnTe:Cu/Au devices, which demonstrates the potential of AlSb as the absorber layer in solar cells.

Titanium film was deposited on fluorinedoped tin oxidecoated glass substrate (FTO) by electron beam evaporation (EBEAM), ultralong titania nanotube arrays/FTO electrode was fabricated by potentiostatic anodization of the titanium film in C₂H₆O₂+NH4F electrolyte at room temperature. The structure and the composition of the titania nanotube arrays/FTO electrode were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission spectrometer. The results show that inner diameter and length of the asprepared titania nanotube are 43nm and 5.4μm respectively. The titania nanotube arrays/FTO transparent electrode after annealing in air is of anatase phase with length of 5μm. The transmittance of the titania nanotube arrays is 45% in visible wavelength range and an absorbance peak is observed at wavelength of 400nm.

Incorporation of metal alkoxides into polymers through Sol-Gel process is of significant interest for tuning the refractive index of optical materials. The organic-inorganic hybrid material with tunable refractive index (RI) and high transparency was studied. Tetrabutoxytitanate (TBOT) and alkoxysilanes including diphenyldimethoxysilane (DPS) and γ-Glycidoxypropy1 trimethoxysilane (GPTS) were employed as sources of the titania sol and the silica sol respectively. Subsequently, crack-free films were fabricated by spin coating. The hybrid films with different Ti contents were characterized by various techniques including IR, UV-Vis, TG/DSC, TEM and auto-laser ellipsometer. The results indicated that the hybrid films displayed homogeneous morphology and titania was crosslinked with alkoxysilanes. The RI of films increased from 1.54 to 1.64 at 633nm with Ti molar fraction varing from 10% to 70%. And the transmittances of the hybrid films in the visible range were higher than 90%.

To improve the oxidation resistance of graphite at high temperature, a dense ZrC-SiC multi-coating was prepared on graphite with ZrSiO₄ powder by pack cementation. The structure and morphology of the multi-coating were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS analysis, and the formation of the coating was discussed with thermodynamics calculation. The results show that the coating has a double-layer structure, which consists of SiC-rich inner layer and ZrC out layer. Besides ZrC and SiC phases, SiC crystals are also formed in the coating. The formation of the double-layer structure is primarily attributed to the different generation temperatures of the reductive products in the system, and the dense structure of the multi-coating can be obtained due to the excellent flowing and filling ability of the liquid Zr formed in the preparation process.

Novel functional carbon membranes for gas separation were designed and prepared by incorporating Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles into carbon membranes precursor polyimide. The assynthesized membranes were characterized by TEM, XRD and VSM. The effects of Fe₃O₄ addition and the final pyrolysis temperature on the gas permeability were investigated. The results show that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles transformed into other phase morphologies are helpful to form the graphite-like layers during the pyrolysis process, which make the membrane with two types of carbon structure : amorphous carbon and graphite-like layers. All the functional carbon membranes exhibit magnetism. Single gas permeation test results show that the assynthesized membranes exhibit an outstanding molecular sieving capability together with high gas permeability. The gas permeability of H₂ is 61 times higher than the pure carbon membrane and the H₂/CO₂ selectivity is also improved. Fe₃O₄ addition and the final pyrolysis temperature siginificantly impair the gas permeability. When the Fe₃O₄ content is 20wt%, the permeabilities of pure gas H₂, CO₂, O₂, N₂, CH₄ in the functional carbon membrane are 15476, 4385, 1565, 193 and 114 Barrers (1Barrer=1×10^-10 cm³ (STP) ·cm/(cm²·s·cmHg)), respecticvely. The final pyrolysis temperature also has a remarkable effect on the gas separation performance.

Hollow hydroxappatite (HAP) microspheres consisting of a hollow core and a porous shell were prepared by a Li-Ca-B glass conversion process. The phase composition, morphology and pore structure on the shell wall were investigated using XRD, SEM and BET. The results showed that the asprepared microspheres possessed good internal hollow structure. The shell wall of the microsphere was made up of HAP crystals fully. After heattreated at 600℃ for 2h, the compressive strength of the microsphere was determined to be (2.1±0.6)MPa, and the porosity and pore size of the shell wall were 85% and 60nm, respectively. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of the hollow HAP microsphere was also suggested. In phosphate solution, Ca-P-OH hydrate was in-situ formed on the surface of the glass and precipitated in the position initially occupied by Ca²⁺, while the pores were formed in the position initially occupied by Li⁺ and B³⁺. These hollow HAP microspheres may be useful for drug delivery.

The radioactive dysprosium lithium borate glass (DyLB) microspheres used for synovectomy were prepared. The biodegradability and biocompatibility of theses DyLB microspheres were investigated by in-vitro and in-vivo test. The DyLB microspheres reacted nonuniformly in simulated body fluid (SBF9) with more than 53wt% of lithium being dissolved, whereas nearly all of the dysprosium (>99.997wt%) remained in the reacted microspheres, after being immersed in SBF9 at 37℃ for 7d. For three different compositions, the weight loss of DyLB microspheres was 16%－43％ when they were immersed in SBF9 for 1d; After being immersed in SBF9 for 7d, the weight loss of these DyLB microspheres was up to (25%－55%), and the precipitationdissolution reaction reached equilibrium, indicating that the DyLB microspheres were partially biodegradable in SBF9. Furthermore, the DyLB microspheres had good biocompatibility, since no tissue damage or inflammation was detected after being implanted in the liver of rat for two weeks. After being neutron activation, the radionuclide purity of radioactive DyLB microspheres was over 99.9%, which can be used for radiation synovectomy treatment in clinic.

Using a BSA monolayer as organic template, single oriented PbS crystals were prepared at the gas-liquid interface in the presence of kinetically controlled ammonia diffusion to promote hydrolysis of thiacetamide in the precursor solution. The crystals were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), respectively. The results show that the crystals exhibit a regular square morphology and have a uniform size distribution. The crystals growing along the (200) plane have a single crystalline structure. The electrostatic interaction and the geometrical matching between the BSA molecules and Pb2+ ions are the main reason for the oriented growth along the (200) plane. This method provides a potential approach for growing inorganic crystals with special structural features.

SrFe₁₂O₁₉/PVP composite fiber precursors were prepared by electrospinning with ferric nitrate, strontium nitrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as starting reagents. M-type strontium ferrite nanofibers are obtained subsequently from calcination of these precursors at 800-1100℃. The composite fibers and M-type strontium ferrite nanofibers are characterized by FTIR, TG/DSC, XRD, SEM and VSM. The diameters for the composite fibers are influenced by the metal salt concentration in solution during the electrospinning process and increase from about 300nm to 550nm corresponding the metal salt concentration in the range from 12.5wt% to 23.1wt%.The Mtype strontium ferrite nanofibers calcined at 800℃ for 2h are characterized with a diameter range of 100nm to 150nm, crystalline size around 49nm which will increases with the increase of calcination temperature. The saturation magnetization of M-type strontium ferrite nanofibers tends to increase with the crystalline size increasing. The coercivity increases as the crystalline size less than the critical size of a single-domain of 61nm while decreases as the crystalline size larger than 61nm. The M-type strontium ferrite nanofibers calcined at 1000℃ for 2h, with an average diameter of about 100nm and crystalline size of around 61nm, exhibit the best magnetic properties at room temperatures, with saturation magnetization of 68.5A·m2/kg and coercivity of 503kA/m, respectively.

Li_0.35Zn_0.3Fe_2.35O₄ ferrite powder was prepared by Sol-Gel method. The electromagnetic parameters εr （ε_r＝ε′-j ε″） and μ_r （μ_r=μ′-j μ″） in 2-18GHz band of the products were tested by HP 8722ES vector network analyzer. Microwave absorbing capability is simulated on the basis of transmission line theory. The result shows that the reflection loss decreases with the increase of thickness(d). When the thickness is 4mm, the absorption curve shows two absorption peaks. When the thickness is 5mm, the absorption peak is located at 4.4GHz, the reflection loss is -19.96dB, and the absorption band of less than -10dB is from 2.8GHz to 9.0GHz with the bandwidth of 6.2GHz. icrowave absorbing capability is good in low frequency range.

Irondeficient LiZn ferrites with compositions of Li_0.35Zn_0.30Fe_2.29Mn_xO_4-δ+0.005mol%Bi₂O₃ and Li_0.35Zn_0.30Fe_2.29O_4-δ+0.005mol%Bi₂O₃+x/3mol%Mn₃O₄(x=0.02-0.08) were prepared by a conventional ceramic process at 920℃ and 950℃. Mn₃O₄ was added to the raw materials and calcined powders, respectively. Sintered at 920℃, adding optimum Mn₃O₄to the raw materials enhances saturation magnetization Ms and remanence Br and decreases coercivity Hc, while adding Mn₃O₄ to the calcined powders has little effect on Ms and Br. Both kinds of samples have high Hc resulting from incomplete solid-state reaction at 920℃, whereas Hc is much lower in the sample with Mn₃O₄ adding to the raw materials. Sintered at 950℃, H_c of both kinds of samples decreases remarkably, whereas Hc is higher in the sample with Mn₃O₄ adding to the raw materials. Resistivities ρ in both kinds of samples are enhanced by optimum Mn₃O₄ adding and reaches the maximum when x is 0.06. Furthermore, the resistivity is higher in the sample with Mn₃O₄ adding to the raw materials.

Using OTS as the template, Bi(NO₃)₃ and Fe(NO₃)₃ as the raw material and citric acid as the complexing agent, BiFeO₃ crystalline film was prepared on the glass substrate by the selfassembled monolayer technique. Effects of calcination and deposition temperatures on the BiFeO₃ film were explored. The physical phase composition, the microstructure and surface morphology of BiFeO₃ film were characterized by the testing methods, such as XRD, SEM and AFM. The energy detecting spectrum (EDS) provided the supporting evidence for the chemical composition of BiFeO₃ film. The results show that the pure BiFeO₃ crystalline film is prepared by the self-assembled monolayer technique after calcined at 600℃. In the deposition temperature range from 70℃ to 80℃, the BiFeO₃ film has better crystallinity with the homogeneous and dense surface.

Nano/Micron Calcium Hexaboride (CaB₆) composite ceramics with different CaB₆ nanopowder additions were prepared under 1750℃, 32MPa for 5min in vacuum. Influences of CaB₆ nanopowders on morphology and mechanical properties of sintered bodies were investigated. Composite ceramic with 10wt% CaB₆ nanopowder addition has the highest compactness degree and mechanical properties, whose hardness, bending strength and fractural toughness are 92.6 HRA, 331.7MPa and 3.06MPa·m^1/2, respectively, better than those of CaB6 ceramics without nanopowder adding or those of reinforced by Ni as sintering additive. The proper amount of nano-particles filled in the micron grain boundaries and the formation of “inner crystal” result in the improvement of compactness and mechanical properties for the CaB6 sintered body.

The aniline was inarched on the surface of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by a series of organic chemistry reactions. Then, the aniline on the surface of the CNTs was polymerized to polyaniline (PANI) by the in situ chemical polymerization. At last, a nanometer composite named as the CNTs/PANI composite was obtained. Constitution and morphology of the obtained CNTs/PANI composite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and scanning electron microscope. And the electrochemical performances of the obtained materials were tested by the cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charging/discharging, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the obtained CNTs/PANI composite has excellent electrochemical capacitance used as the electrode material of the electrochemical super capacitor (about 152F/g in organic electrolyte), which is much more than those of the pure PANI, pure CNTs and the PANI/CNTs composite made by normal in situ chemical polymerization (about 65, 25 and 80F/g in organic electrolyte). And the materials have appeared excellent application foreground in electrochemical energy field.

γ-AlOOH nanocrystaline with width of 10-30nm, length of 100-300nm and aspect ratio of 5-15 were prepared under hydrothermal condition by using aluminum chloride and sodium hydroxide as starting materials. Because of high proportion surface hydroxyl, the thermal decomposition of γ-AlOOH nanocrystalline demonstrates different features, and desorption of surface hydroxyl or chemisorbed water should be treated as separate stage. The thermal decomposition of γ-AlOOH nanocrystalline should be divided to four stages: 1) desorption of physisorbed water; 2) desorption of chemisorbed water; 3) desorption of molecular water and conversion into transition alumina; 4) desorption of residual hydroxyl in transition alumina. And the activation energies of the four stages are -1.21,-16.57,-167.62 and -7.61kJ/mol, respectively.

To evaluate the effects of Hydroxyapatite nano-particles (nano-HA) with different morphologies on human U87 glioblastoma cell line (U87), three kinds of nano-HA were designed and synthesized, and a co-culture system containing nano-HA and U87 cells was established. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was also added to the HA medium system for the samples stabilization. After determining the stabilization and high dispersed nanometer size of nano-HA in the medium system using Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), the effects of nano-HA on GBM cells were assessed with an MTT method. Results showed that nano-HA could effectively inhibit U87 cells proliferation. Compared with other nano-HA, the needle-like nano-HA were more powerful in inhibiting U87 cells proliferation. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induced by different nano-HA may be one reason for their different bioactivity, however, the correlation between nano-HA and TLR4 expression needs further investigation.

The iron-substituted mesoporous silicas were synthesized under mild acidic conditions (pH = 4.4, HOAc-NaOAc buffer solution) using tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or sodium silicate solution as silica source in the presence of block copolymer Pluronic P123 as the mesoporous template. TMOS and sodium silicate led to iron-containing silicas with ordered two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous structure, and vesicle mesostructure was obtained using TEOS as silica precursor. UV-Vis and UV Resonance Raman spectra show that highly isolated iron species can be predominantly obtained on mesoporous iron-containing silicas synthesized using inexpensive sodium silicate and Fe(NO3)3 as precursors. The buffer solution provides a facile strategy for controlling the mesostructure of iron-containing silicas by simply varying the silica source. Mesoporous iron-substituted silicas are highly efficient in hydroxylation of phenol because of a high dispersion of active iron centers within silica matrices and a high accessibility of active iron species to reactants.