Pb (II) Adsorption Process of Fe3O4 Supported Ti3C2Tx

doi:10.15541/jim20220627

Abstract

Abstract:

Ti₃C₂T_x MXene is a potential adsorbent of heavy metal ions due to its two-dimensional layered structure and abundant surface functional groups. However, it has disadvantages of limited layer spacing and poor stability in aqueous solution. Here, the modification strategy of Ti₃C₂T_x was explored to improve its chemical stability and ion adsorption capacity among which Fe₃O₄-Ti₃C₂T_x(FeMX) adsorbent with different doping amounts of Fe₃O₄ were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. The results showed that the maximum theoretical Pb(II) adsorption capacity of FeMX adsorbent could reach 210.54 mg/g. Its adsorption mechanism was further revealed that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were evenly dispersed and intercalated between Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets, which effectively increased specific surface area and layer spacing of Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets, leading to improving Pb(II) removal ability. Therefore, this study provides a promising route for developing MXene matrix composites with excellent heavy metal ion adsorption properties.

Key words: MXene, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle, heavy metal ion adsorption, stability

CLC Number:

TB32

WANG Shiyi, FENG Aihu, LI Xiaoyan, YU Yun. Pb (II) Adsorption Process of Fe₃O₄ Supported Ti₃C₂T_x[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(5): 521-528.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. S1 Preparation process of Ti3C2Tx Mxene (a) and Fe3O4-Mxene (b)

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of Ti3C2Tx MXene, FeMX0.5-1, FeMX1-1 and FeMX2-1 samples (b) Enlarged XRD patterns of (002) crystalline

Fig. 2 (a) Diagram of Ti3C2Tx MXene doped with Fe3O4; SEM images of (b)Ti3AlC2, (c)Ti3C2Tx and (d) FeMX1-1 sample; (e)Elements distributions of FeMX1-1 sample Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 3 Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of different FeMX samples

Fig. 4 (a) XPS spectra of FeMX before and after doping; (b) O1s and (c) Ti2p spectra of MXene materials; (d) Fe2p, (e) O1s and (f) Ti2p spectra of FeMX composite

Fig. 5 Pb(II) adsorption properties of FeMX1-1 at different temperatures

Table 1 Fitting parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption models for Pb (II) adsorption by FeMX1-1 at different temperatures

Temperature	Langmiur			Freundlich
Temperature	K_L	Q_m/(mg·g^-1)	R²	K_F	n	R²
30 ℃	0.05	110.54	0.8327	32.80	0.20	0.9881
40 ℃	0.21	126.04	0.8854	76.09	0.12	0.9435
50 ℃	0.29	120.24	0.9190	62.61	0.09	0.9934

Fig. 6 (a) Adsorption isotherms and (b) adsorption kinetics curves of FeMX with different doping ratios

Table S2 Fitting parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption models for Pb (II) adsorption by FeMX with different doping ratios

Absorbance	Langmiur			Freundlich
Absorbance	K_L	Q_m/(mg·g^-1)	R²	K_F	n	R²
MXene	0.0177	110.23	0.86006	15.8026	0.30	0.9106
FeMX0.5-1	0.1652	149.63	0.99028	67.9776	0.14	0.90833
FeMX1-1	0.2781	126.04	0.88536	76.0907	0.09	0.94345
FeMX2-1	0.0139	210.54	0.97478	22.1793	0.36	0.91117

Table S3 Fitting parameters of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption models for Pb (II) adsorption by FeMX composites with different doping ratios

Absorbance	Pseudo first-order reaction			Pseudo second-order reaction
Absorbance	k₁/min^-1	Q_e/(mg·g^-1)	R²	k₂/(g·(mg·min)^-1)	Q_e/(mg·g^-1)	R²
MXene	2.0966	104.22	0.98786	0.4378	108.85	0.99402
FeMX0.5-1	0.6308	173.65	0.95009	0.0039	201.10	0.98103
FeMX1-1	0.7447	148.66	0.90406	0.0053	171.57	0.95077
FeMX2-1	1.1093	184.59	0.97027	0.0076	204.46	0.99135

Fig. S2 Effects of pH and ionic strength on Pb(II) adsorption capacity of FeMX2-1

Fig. 7 (a) XPS spectra of FeMX before and after Pb (II) adsorption ; (b) Pb4f and (c) O1s spectra of FeMX1-1 sample after Pb(II) adsorption; (d)Na1s spectra of FeMX1-1 sample before and after Pb(II) adsorption Colorful figures are available on website

Table S4 Comparison of Pb(II) adsorption properties of existing adsorption materials and FeMX

Absorbance	Condition	Adsorption property/ (mg·g^-1)	Ref.
Zeolite A based on blast furnace slag	Shake for 60 min at room temperature, C₀=50 mg/L	39.37	[S1]
MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x)	T=293 K, pH 6, C₀=2 mg/L, 2 min contact time	~90	[S2]
Bead-supported MnFe₂O₄nanoparticles	T=298 K, pH 5, C₀= 20 mg/L, 2 h equilibrium time	11.98	[S3]
Polyhydroxyl-aluminum	T=298 K, shake for 270 min, C₀=1500 mg/L, 150 min equilibrium time	3.99	[S4]
Peanut shell-based biochar	T=293 K, pH 5.5, C₀=100 mg/L, 180 min contact time	56.5	[S5]
MnO₂ modified magnetic graphitic carbon nitride composite	T=298 K, pH 6, C₀=250 mg/L, shake for 270 min	187.6	[S6]
FeMX2-1	T=313 K, pH 6, C₀=500 mg/L, 3 h equilibrium time	210.54	This work

References 32

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Pb (II) Adsorption Process of Fe₃O₄ Supported Ti₃C₂T_x

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