Fig. 1 Mechanism of anti-microbial infections of nanozymes[25⇓⇓-28]

Fig. 2 Antibacterial killing effect of a nanozyme, Q-MOFCe0.5[32] (a, b) Plate count results of the antibacterial effects of Q-MOFCe0.5 on E. coli (a) and S. aureus (b); (c, d) Statistical results of the corresponding bacterial viability rates of E. coli (c) and S. aureus (d); (e) The live (SYTO-9, green)/dead (PI, red) staining results of E. coli and S. aureus; (f) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results of bacterial samples treated by nanozymes Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 3 Characterization and ROS generation ability of a nanozyme, Ag-TiO2 SAN[34] (a, b) Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of Ag-TiO2 SAN co-localized with lysosomes of mouse (RAM 264.7) and human (THP-1) macrophages; (c, d) Ag-TiO2 SAN enhanced ROS generation. THP-1: a kind of human monocytic leukemia cell Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 4 Characterization, Ag+ release, and ROS generation ability of Ag/BMO NPs through photodynamic combination therapy[47] (a) SEM image of Ag/BMO NPs; (b) Percentage release of Ag+ at pH 7.35 and pH 6.75 showing photo-enhanced ROS generation ability of Ag/BMO; (c) 1O2 detection result by probe of single oxygen sensor green; (d) ESR spectra of 1O2; (e) ·OH detection result by MB indicator; (f) ESR spectra of ·OH. L: 1064 nm laser (1 W·cm-2, 10 min) Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 5 In vitro antimicrobial performance of Fe3O4-GOx based on cascaded reaction[50] (a) 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein staining images of E. coli and MRSA; (b) Growth curves of MRSA; (c) Representative SEM and live/dead staining images of MRSA; (d) Crystal violet staining image and its absorbance for integrated MRSA biofilm Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 6 S-Ab can be used as bio-orthogonal catalyst to complete shape-based selective recognition of bacteria and catalyze precursors into active antibacterial molecule[56] Colorful figure is available on website