Large-size CeF3 Crystal Growth by Heat Exchanger-Bridgman Method: Thermal Field Design and Optimization

doi:10.15541/jim20220485

Abstract

Abstract:

With the continuous development of CeF₃ crystals in laser and magneto-optical applications, the demand for CeF₃ single crystals with large size and high optical quality has become increasingly urgent, while the high viscosity and low thermal conductivity of CeF₃ melt always bring challenges to crystal growth process. In order to study the growth problem caused by low thermal conductivity of CeF₃ melt, the influence mechanism of the furnace structure and process parameters on temperature distribution and crystallographic interface during the growth process was explored. In this work, numerical simulations about the growth of large size CeF₃ crystal (ϕ80 mm) through the heat exchanger-Bridgman method were carried out to analyze the relationship between furnace structure and crystal/melt temperature distribution, the variation of interface shape in different growth stages, and the mechanism of thermal field structure on the growth interface. Results show that when the length of the heating element matches the length of the crucible, it is more conducive to construct a reasonable temperature gradient field. The unfavorable concave interface during the “shouldering” and “cylindering” growth stages can be effectively improved by adjusting temperature distribution on the ampoule wall through changing the baffle shape and adding a reflective screen. Therefore, the result not only deepens understanding of the crystallization habit of CeF₃ crystals, but also enlightens the furnace and growth interface optimization of other crystals’ Bridgman growth.

Key words: CeF₃ crystal, heat exchanger-Bridgman method, numerical simulation, solid-liquid interface, thermal field optimization

CLC Number:

TQ174

MU Honghe, WANG Pengfei, SHI Yufeng, ZHANG Zhonghan, WU Anhua, SU Liangbi. Large-size CeF₃Crystal Growth by Heat Exchanger-Bridgman Method: Thermal Field Design and Optimization[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(3): 288-295.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Physical models of the furnace (a) Bridgeman ; (b) Grids

Table 1 Thermophysical parameters of materials

Physical properties	Thermal conductivity/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)	Density/(kg·m^-3)	Heat capacity/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	Emissivity	Absorption coefficient
Vacuum	2.4×10^-4	2.9×10^-3	150	-	-
Molybdenum	163.7-0.062T+9.72×10^-6T²	10200	250.78	0.4	-
Graphite	exp(-5.7×10^-4T+4.5)	1950	710	0.8	-
Stainless Steel	9.2+0.0175T-2×10^-6T²	7930	500	0.66	-
CeF₃ melt	0.5	3200	1470.8	-	900
CeF₃ crystal	1.72	5800	1064.52+0.198T+9.29×10^-5T²	-	10

Fig. 2 Unmelted seed crystal of CeF3 crystal

Fig. 3 Internal temperature distribution of the crucible corresponding to the heating elements of different lengths (a) Specific location schematic; (b) Longitudinal temperature at the central axis; (c) Radial temperature at the bottom of the crucible; (d) Longitudinal temperature gradient at the central axis; Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 4 Temperature distributions inside the crucible corresponding to the partitions of different widths (a) Longitudinal temperature at the central axis; (b) Radial temperature at the bottom of the crucible; Colorful figures are available on website

Fig. 5 Thermal field distribution (left) and flow field distribution, interface shape (right) at different growth stages (a) Seeding stage; (b) Beginning of shouldering stage; (c) End of shouldering stage; (d) Cylinder stage

Fig. 6 Pictures of polycrystalline extending from shouldering stage to the end of cylinder stage

Fig. 7 Thermal field distribution (left) and interface shape (right) in the shouldering stage (a) Original separator; (b) Trapezoidal separator

Fig. 8 Thermal field distribution (left) and interface shape (right) in the cylinder stage (a) Original partition without reflective screen; (b) Reflective screen without partition

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Large-size CeF₃Crystal Growth by Heat Exchanger-Bridgman Method: Thermal Field Design and Optimization

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