ZIF-8-derived Three-dimensional Silicon-carbon Network Composite for High-performance Lithium-ion Batteries

doi:10.15541/jim20210739

Abstract

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely applied to various portable electronic devices and new energy vehicles. However, the traditional graphite anode with low theoretical capacity (372 mAh/g) is unable to meet the need of the rapid development of economy and society. Herein, a zinc-based metallic organic framework (ZIF-8) derived three-dimensional network carbon coated silicon (Si@NC) composite was designed for lithium-ion battery. Firstly, the surface of nano-silicon was chemical modified; secondly, small size ZIF-8 was in situ grown on the silicon surface to form Si@ZIF-8; finally, the three-dimensional network Si@NC composite was obtained by carbonization. Results show that the three-dimensional network porous structure of the Si@NC composite not only limits the volume expansion of silicon, but greatly improves the conductivity of the materials, exhibiting excellent cycle stability and outstanding rate performance. As a result, a discharge specific capacity of 760 mAh/g is maintained at a high current density of 5 A/g. Using commercial material as cathode and Si@NC as anode, the assembled full LIBs demonstrate a capacity retention of 60.4% at 0.4C (1C =160 mA/g) for 50 cycles. These results indicate that the as-synthesized three-dimensional network porous structure of Si@NC composite has a potential practical application for LIBs.

Key words: anode, silicon/carbon, lithium-ion battery, three-dimensional network

CLC Number:

TQ152

SU Nana, HAN Jingru, GUO Yinhao, WANG Chenyu, SHI Wenhua, WU Liang, HU Zhiyi, LIU Jing, LI Yu, SU Baolian. ZIF-8-derived Three-dimensional Silicon-carbon Network Composite for High-performance Lithium-ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(9): 1016-1022.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 Schematics of (a) synthetic process and (b) lithiation-delithiation process for Si@NC

Fig. 2 FESEM images of (a, b) Si@NC and (c, d) Si@PC White circles in (b, d): Si nano particles

Fig. 3 (a) TEM, (b) HRTEM, (c) HAADF-STEM images, (d) SAED pattern (rectangular area in (c)), and (e-f) corresponding EDX elemental maps of Si@NC (d) Rectangular area in (c); (e-f) Corresponding area in (c), Si (green), C (yellow), N (blue), O (cyan) and Zn (red)

Fig. 4 (a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of Si@NC and Si@PC, (c) nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm and (d) pore size distribution of Si@NC

Fig. 5 (a) CV curves at a scanning rate of 0.2 mV/s and (b) charge-discharge curves for initial 3 cycles at 0.2 A/g of Si@NC, (c) rate performances and (d) cycling performances at 0.5 A/g of Si@NC and Si@PC, and (e) long cycling performances of Si@NC, NC and Si@PC at 1 A/g (black circles showing Coulombic efficiencies of Si@NC)

Fig. 6 (a) Charge-discharge profiles in the range of 1~4.5 V, and (b) cycle performance at 0.4C of Si@NC//NCM622 full-cell

Fig. S1 TG-DSC curves of (a) Si@NC and (b) NC

Fig. S2 XPS spectra of Si@NC composite (a) Survey spectrum; High-resolution spectra of (b) Si2p, (c) C1s and (d) N1s

Fig. S3 EIS plots of pure Si, Si@NC and Si@PC, (b) Coulombic efficiencies of Si@NC and pure Si for the first 5 cycles, (c) cycle performance of pure Si at 1 A/g

Fig. S4 Cross section and surface SEM images of Si@NC electrodes for half-cell (a) before the cycle, after (b)50 and (c) 200 cycles

Table S1 Comparison of electrochemical performance for Si/C composite materials

Anode material	Cycle performance/(mAh·g^-1) (Cycle number)	Current density/ (A·g^-1)	Rate capability/(mAh·g^-1) (Current density/(A·g^-1))	Ref.
Three-dimensional Network Si/C	666 (500th)	1	760 (5)	This work
MHR-Si/rGO	530 (400th)	1	513 (5)	[1]
Si@C/Co/CNTs	700 (500th)	1	480 (5)	[2]
Pseudographite/Si/Ni	800 (500th)	1	271 (5)	[3]
Si@void@C/C-2	450 (500th)	1	410 (3.2)	[4]
Yolk-shell structured Si-based anode	657 (200th)	1	350 (5)	[5]
Si@C-ZIF@carbon Nanofibers	760 (500th)	1	523.9 (5)	[6]

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