Construction and Photocatalytic Performance of 3D Hierarchical Pore rGO/TiO2 Composites

doi:10.15541/jim20200682

Abstract

Abstract:

Utilizing polystyrene (PS) microspheres as templates, and graphene oxide (GO) and tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) as raw materials, 3D hierarchical pore rGO/TiO₂(PS) composites were fabricated by Sol-Gel method based on multiple coordination reactions. The structure and morphology of 3D hierarchical pore rGO/TiO₂(PS) composites were characterized, and the effects of PS addition on crystal structure, microscopic morphology and photocatalytic performance of rGO/TiO₂ composites were studied. Under simulate ultraviolet light and visible light irradiation, tetracycline hydrochloride (TTCH) using as the target pollutant, the photocatalytic performance of 3D hierarchical pore rGO/TiO₂(PS) composites prepared with different PS addition was evaluated. Under simulated visible light irradiation, the 3D hierarchical pore rGO/TiO₂(5wt%PS) composites were subjected to multiple recycling tests. The results show that the rGO/TiO₂(PS) composites have a 3D hierarchical pore bulk structure. As the reinforcing phase of matrix, GO keeps stability of multistage pore rigid skeleton structure through Ti-O-C bond. Furthermore, the introduction of PS increases the specific surface area of the rGO/TiO₂(PS) composites. The 3D hierarchical pore rGO/TiO₂(7wt%PS) composite has the highest adsorption efficiency for TTCH, while the 3D hierarchical pore rGO/TiO₂(5wt%PS) composite has the highest photocatalytic activity and stability, which photocatalytic efficiency still reaches 81.02% after 4 cycles of recycling tests; the best addition amount of template PS is 5wt%.

Key words: PS template, rGO/TiO₂, 3D multistage aperture, ultraviolet light, visible light

CLC Number:

TQ174

Li Cuixia, SUN Huizhen, JIN Haize, SHI Xiao, LI Wensheng, KONG Wenhui. Construction and Photocatalytic Performance of 3D Hierarchical Pore rGO/TiO₂ Composites[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(10): 1039-1046.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of TiO2 and rGO/TiO2(PS) prepared with different PS additions

Fig. 2 TEM images of PS(a) and rGO/TiO2(b), SEM image (c) of rGO/TiO2 (5wt%PS) composite (inset displaying TEM image) and HADDF image and EDS mappings of O, C and Ti in rGO/TiO2 (5wt%PS)(d)

Fig. 3 Formation mechanism of rGO/TiO2 photocatalyst with 3D hierarchical pore

Fig. 4 Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (a) and pore diameter distribution curves (b) of rGO/TiO2 and rGO/TiO2 (5wt%PS)

Fig. 5 UV-visible diffuse reflection spectra (a) and band gap width (b) of TiO2, rGO/TiO2 and rGO/TiO2(5wt%PS); fluorescence emission spectra of TiO2 and rGO/TiO2(PS) prepared with different PS additions (c) Colorful images are available on website

Fig. 6 X-ray photoelectron spectra of rGO/TiO2(5wt%PS) (a) full spectrum; (b) O1s; (c) C1s; (d) Ti2p Colorful images are available on website

Fig. 7 Adsorption rate (a), photocatalytic efficiency under visible light (b) and ultraviolet light (c) of TiO2 and rGO/TiO2(PS) prepared with different PS additions Colorful images are available on website

Fig. 8 Recycling test of rGO/TiO2(5wt%PS) sample (a), and Kinetic fitting analysis of photocatalytic reaction of rGO/TiO2 and rGO/TiO2(5wt%PS) (b)

Fig. 9 Mechanism diagram of photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by hierarchical pore rGO/TiO2(PS) composite material

References 33

[1]	YANG X, CAO C, ERICKSON L, et al. Photo-catalytic degradation of rhodamine B on C-, S-, N-, and Fe-doped TiO₂ under visible- light irradiation. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 2009, 91(3/4):657-662. DOI URL
[2]	WANG X, DENG H, JIANG Z, et al. Photocatalytic reduction of Re (VII) on amorphous TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ derived from different N sources. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(12):1340-1348. DOI URL
[3]	QU R, LIU N, CHEN Y,, et al. Morphology-Induced TiO₂ bandgap change for super rapid treatment of dye wastewater under visible light. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2017, 2: 1700125-1-7.
[4]	MKHALID I A, FIERRO J L, MOHAMED R M, et al. Visible light driven photooxidation of imazapyr herbicide over highly efficient mesoporous Ag/Ag₂O-TiO₂ p-n heterojunction photocatalysts. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(16):25822-25832.
[5]	CHANDRA R, MUKHOPADHYAY S, NATH M. TiO₂@ZIF-8: a novel approach of modifying micro-environment for enhanced photo-catalytic dye degradation and high usability of TiO₂ nanoparticles. Materials Letters, 2016, 164:571-574. DOI URL
[6]	WANG X, XUAN X, WANG Y, et al. Nano-Au-modified TiO₂ grown on dendritic porous silica particles for enhanced CO₂ photoreduction. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2021, 310:110635.
[7]	BIAN H, ZHANG Z, XU X, et al. Photocatalytic activity of Ag/ZnO/AgO/TiO₂ composite. Physica E Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 2020, 124:114236.
[8]	CAUDILLO-FLORES U, LARA-ROMERO J, ZÁRATE-MEDINA J, et al. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of MWCNT/TiO₂ heterojunction photocatalysts obtained by microwave assisted synthesis. Catalysis Today, 2016, 266:102-109. DOI URL
[9]	XIANG Q J, CHENG B, YU J C, et al. Graphene-based photocatalysts for solar-fuel generation. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2015, 54(39):11350-11366. DOI URL
[10]	LI Q, LI X, WAGEH S, et al. CdS/graphene nanocomposite photocatalysts. Advanced Energy Materials, 2015, 5(14):1500010.
[11]	HUMMERS W S, OFFEMAN R E. Preparation of graphitic oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1958, 80(6):1339. DOI URL
[12]	JIN Y H, LI C M, ZHANG Y F. Preparation and visible-light driven photocatalytic activity of the rGO/TiO₂/BiOI heterostructure for methyl orange degradation. New Carbon Materials, 2020, 35(4):394-400. DOI URL
[13]	ZHANG L, QI H, ZHAO Y, et al. Au nanoparticle modified three- dimensional network PVA/RGO/TiO₂ composite for enhancing visible light photocatalytic performance. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 498:143855.
[14]	TOLOSANA-MORANCHEL Á, MANASSERO A, SATUF M L, et al. Influence of TiO₂-rGO optical properties on the photocatalytic activity and efficiency to photodegrade an emerging pollutant. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 246:1-11. DOI URL
[15]	LI C, HU R, LU X, et al. Efficiency enhancement of photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline using reduced graphene oxide coordinated titania nanoplatelet. Catalysis Today, 2020, 350:171-183. DOI URL
[16]	LI W, JIN Z G, LIU Z F, et al. Preparation of polystyrene spheres (PS) templates and ordered porous ZnO films by dip-coating. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2006, 21(2):473-480.
[17]	李丝丝, 张红静, 周明, 等. 聚苯乙烯微球的功能化及其应用进展. 现代化工, 2017, 37(5):38-41.
[18]	LI W, ZUO Y, JIANG L, et al. Bi₂Ti₂O₇/TiO₂/RGO composite for the simulated sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2020, 256:123650.
[19]	WILLIAMS G, SEGER B, KAMAT P V. TiO₂-graphene nanocomposites. UV-assisted photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide. ACS Nano, 2008, 2(7):1487-1491. DOI URL
[20]	吴强红. rGO-TiO₂薄膜的制备及光催化性研究. 兰州: 兰州理工大学硕士学位论文, 2016.
[21]	LI C X, JIN H Z, YANG Z Z, et al. Preparation and photocatalytic properties of mesoporous RGO/TiO₂ composites. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2017, 32(04):357-364. DOI URL
[22]	THOMMES M, KANEKO K, NEIMARK A V, et al. Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution(IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2015, 87(9/10):1051-1069. DOI URL
[23]	QIAN S, PU S, ZHANG Y, et al. New insights on the enhanced non-hydroxyl radical contribution under copper promoted TiO₂/GO for the photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2021, 100:99-109. DOI URL
[24]	ANITHA B, KHADAR M A. Anatase-rutile phase transformation and photocatalysis in peroxide gel route prepared TiO₂ nanocrystals: role of defect states. Solid State Sciences, 2020, 108:106392.
[25]	WANG P, ZHAN S, XIA Y, et al. The fundamental role and mechanism of reduced graphene oxide in rGO/Pt-TiO₂ nanocomposite for high-performance photocatalytic water splitting. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017, 207:335-346. DOI URL
[26]	ZHANG Y, CHEN J, HUA L, et al. High photocatalytic activity of hierarchical SiO₂@C-doped TiO₂ hollow spheres in UV and visible light towards degradation of Rhodamine B. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 340:309-318. DOI URL
[27]	LI F B, LI X Z. Photocatalytic properties of gold/gold ion-modified titanium dioxide for wastewater treatment. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2002, 228(1/2):15-27. DOI URL
[28]	LI C X, HU R B, LU X F, et al. Efficiency enhancement of photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline using reduced graphene oxide coordinated titania nanoplatelet. Catalysis Today, 2020, 350(15):171-183. DOI URL
[29]	NASSEH N, BARIKBIN B, TAGHAVI L. Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by FeNi₃/SiO₂/CuS magnetic nanocomposite under simulated solar irradiation: efficiency, stability, kinetic and pathway study. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2020, 20:10135.
[30]	ZHU Q, SUN Y, NA F, et al. Fabrication of CdS/titanium-oxo- cluster nanocomposites based on a Ti₃₂ framework with enhanced photocatalytic activity for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation under visible light. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 254:541-550. DOI URL
[31]	HORNOS F, ESQUEMBRE R, GOMEZ J. Competitive inhibition of protein adsorption to silica surfaces by their coating with high density charge polyelectrolytes. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces, 2020, 191:110993.
[32]	WU X, FU M, LU P, et al. Unique electronic structure of Mg/O co-decorated amorphous carbon nitride enhances the photocatalytic tetracycline hydrochloride degradation. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2019, 40(5):776-785. DOI URL
[33]	XU H Q, JIANG Y H, YANG X Y, et al. Fabricating carbon quantum dots doped ZnIn₂S₄ nanoflower composites with broad spectrum and enhanced photocatalytic tetracycline hydrochloride degradation. Materials Research Bulletin, 2018, 97:158-168. DOI URL

Construction and Photocatalytic Performance of 3D Hierarchical Pore rGO/TiO₂ Composites

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 33

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	DONG Zhengming, LI Xiu, CHEN Chen, CAO Minghe, YI Zhiguo. Photostriction of NBT-BNT Ceramics [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(3): 277-282.
[2]	WEI Xin, LU Zhanhui, WANG Luping, FANG Ming. Mechanism Study of Tetracycline High Efficient Photodegradation by Bi₂WO₆ Nanosheets under Visible Light Irradiation [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(3): 324-328.
[3]	LI Zhifeng, TAN Jie, YANG Xiaofei, LIN Zuhong, HUAN Zhenglai, ZHANG Tingting. Preparation and Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance of BiOBr/Ti₃C₂ Composite Photocatalyst with Highly Exposed (001) Facets [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(11): 1247-1254.
[4]	LI Xiao-Ping, LI Yue-Jun, CAO Tie-Ping, SUN Da-Wei, WANG Xia, XI Xiao-Tian. Facile Synthesis of Bi/Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ Composite Nanofibers with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(11): 1193-1199.
[5]	KE Yin-Huan, ZENG Min, JIANG Hong, XIONG Chun-Rong. Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol over N-doped TiO₂ Nanofibers under Visible Irradiation [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(8): 839-844.
[6]	TONG Qin, DONG Ya-Mei, YAN Liang, HE Dan-Nong. High-efficient Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Ag/AgBr/TiO₂ Monolithic Photocatalysts Using Sodium Alginate as Substrate [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2017, 32(6): 637-642.
[7]	LI Cui-Xia, JIN Hai-Ze, YANG Zhi-Zhong, YANG Xuan, DONG Qi-Zheng, LI Ting-Ting. Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Mesoporous RGO/TiO₂ Composites [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2017, 32(4): 357-364.
[8]	CAI Wei-Wei, LI Jiao, HE Jing, WANG Wei-Wei. Controlled Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity Evaluation of Nanostructured Ag₃PO₄ [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2017, 32(3): 263-268.
[9]	LU Qing, HUA Luo-Guang, CHEN Yi-Lin, GAO Bi-Fen, LIN Bi-Zhou. Preparation and Property of Oxygen-deficient Bi₂WO_6-_x Photocatalyst Active in Visible Light [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(4): 413-419.
[10]	GUO Dong-Xue, ZHANG Qing-Hong, WANG Hong-Zhi, LI Yao-Gang, CAO Guang-Xiu. Preparation of RuO₂/ZrO₂/TaON Composite Photocatalyst and Its Photocatalytic Properties for Water Splitting Hydrogen Evolution [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(10): 1025-1030.
[11]	GAO Er-Ping, WANG Wen-Zhong. Synthesis and Visible-light Photocatalytic Activities of Bi₂Sn₂O₇ [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(1): 87-92.
[12]	JIANG Jin-Long, WANG Qiong, HUANG Hao, ZHANG Xia, WANG Yu-Bao, GENG Qing-Fen. Microstructure Evolution Induced by Ultraviolet Light Irradiation in Ti-Si Codoped Diamond-like Carbon films [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2014, 29(9): 941-946.
[13]	ZHANG Li-Juan, DI Lan-Bo, LI Yan-Chun, ZHANG Xiu-Ling. Preparation and Properties of Co-doped TiO₂ with Assistance of Ionic Liquid [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2014, 29(8): 801-806.
[14]	HAN Zhi-Yue, DU Zhi-Ming, ZHANG Ying-Hao, ZHAO Lin-Shuang, CONG Xiao-Min. Degradation Effect of Super Acid Modified Fe₂O₃-TiO₂-N on Acrylic Acid under Visible Light [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2014, 29(10): 1110-1114.
[15]	WANG Yu-Zheng, XUE Xiang-Xin, YANG He. Preparation and Characterization of Zinc and Cerium Co-doped Titania Nano-materials with Antibacterial Activity [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2013, 28(1): 117-122.