Nanocomposite “Xuan Paper” Made from Ultralong Hydroxyapatite Nanowires and Cellulose Fibers and Its Anti-mildew Properties

doi:10.15541/jim20200087

Abstract

Abstract:

Xuan paper is an indispensable carrier for Chinese calligraphy and painting works. It has won the reputation of “the King of Paper” because of its superior durability and anti-mildew performance. Xuan paper was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization of the United Nations in 2009. In this study, we developed a new type of nanocomposite “Xuan paper” made from ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and cellulose fibers with excellent anti-mildew performance. The whiteness of the as-prepared nanocomposite “Xuan paper” with HAP weight ratio of 25% is 76.1%, which is higher than that of the commercial unprocessed Xuan paper (71.9%) or the commercial processed Xuan paper (70.3%). The nanocomposite “Xuan paper” has superior performance in inhibiting the growth of three kinds of moulds (Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma viride (long branch) and Aspergillus niger) compared with the blank control and commercial Xuan paper. During the incubation process, the mildew grows on the surface of the traditional Xuan paper, however, no obvious growth of mildew is observed on the surface of the nanocomposite “Xuan paper”. It is expected that the nanocomposite “Xuan paper” is favorable for its long-term safe preservation and application in calligraphy and painting arts.

Key words: Xuan paper, hydroxyapatite, nanowire, anti-mildew

CLC Number:

TQ174

SHAO Yueting, ZHU Yingjie, DONG Liying, CAI Anyong. Nanocomposite “Xuan Paper” Made from Ultralong Hydroxyapatite Nanowires and Cellulose Fibers and Its Anti-mildew Properties[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(1): 107-112.

Figures/Tables 6

References 35

[1]	LIU R Q . The human heritage of the national treasure Xuan paper. Encyclopedic Knowledge, 2010,2:24-27.
[2]	HU W J, ZHAO D S . Analysis of the life characteristics of Xuan paper. China Pulp & Paper Industry, 2013,34:74-76.
[3]	ZYSKA B . Fungi isolated from library materials: a review of the literature. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 1997,40(1):43-51.
[4]	HUI J F, Wang X . Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals: colloidal chemistry, assembly and their biological applications. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 2014,1(3):215-225.
[5]	ŠUPOVÁ M . Substituted hydroxyapatites for biomedical applications: a review. Ceramics International, 2015,41(8):9203-9231.
[6]	HAIDER A, HAIDER S, HAN S S ,et al. Recent advances in the synthesis, functionalization and biomedical applications of hydroxyapatite: a review. RSC Advances, 2017,7(13):7442-7458.
[7]	CHEN F, ZHU Y J . Multifunctional calcium phosphate nanostructured materials and biomedical applications. Current Nanoscience, 2014,10(4):465-485.
[8]	ZHANG Y G, ZHU Y J, CHEN F , et al. A novel composite scaffold comprising ultralong hydroxyapatite microtubes and chitosan: preparation and application in drug delivery. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2017,5(21):3898-3906.
[9]	CHEN F, ZHU Y J . Microwave-assisted synthesis of calcium phosphate nanostructured materials in liquid phase. Progress in Chemistry, 2015,27(5):459-471.
[10]	YU Y D, ZHU Y J, QI C ,et al. Hydroxyapatite nanorod-assembled hierarchical microflowers: rapid synthesis. via microwave hydrothermal transformation of CaHPO₄ and their application in protein/ drug delivery. Ceramics International, 2017,43(8):6511-6518.
[11]	SUN T W, YU W L, ZHU Y J ,et al. Porous nanocomposite comprising ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires decorated with zinc- containing nanoparticles and chitosan: synthesis and application in bone defect repair. Chemistry - A European Journal, 2018,24(35):8809-8821.
[12]	LU B Q, ZHU Y J, CHEN F . Highly flexible and nonflammable inorganic hydroxyapatite paper. Chemistry - A European Journal, 2014,20(5):1242-1246.
[13]	ZHANG Y G, ZHU Y J, CHEN F , et al. Ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires synthesized by solvothermal treatment using a series of phosphate sodium salts. Materials Letters, 2015,144:135-137.
[14]	JIANG Y Y, ZHU Y J, CHEN F ,et al. Solvothermal synthesis of submillimeter ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires using calcium oleate precursor in a series of monohydroxy alcohols. Ceramics International, 2015,41(4):6098-6102.
[15]	LI H, ZHU Y J, JIANG Y Y ,et al. Hierarchical assembly of monodisperse hydroxyapatite nanowires and construction of high- strength fire-resistant inorganic paper with high-temperature flexibility. ChemNanoMat, 2017,3(4):259-268.
[16]	DONG L Y, ZHU Y J . Fire-resistant inorganic analogous Xuan paper with thousands of years' super-durability. ACS Sustainable Chemistry Engineering, 2018,6(12):17239-17251.
[17]	DONG L Y, ZHU Y J . A new kind of fireproof, flexible, inorganic, nanocomposite paper and its application to the protection layer in flame-retardant fiber-optic cables. Chemistry - A European Journal, 2017,23(19):4597-4604.
[18]	LI H, WU D B, WU J ,et al. Flexible, high-wettability and fire- resistant separators based on hydroxyapatite nanowires for advanced lithium-ion batteries. Advanced Materials, 2017,29(44):1703548.
[19]	CHEN F F, ZHU Y J, CHEN F ,et al. Fire alarm wallpaper based on fire-resistant hydroxyapatite nanowire inorganic paper and graphene oxide thermosensitive sensor. ACS Nano, 2018,12(4):3159-3171.
[20]	SHAO Y T, ZHU Y J, DONG L Y ,et al. A new kind of nanocomposite “Xuan paper” comprising ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and cellulose fibers with unique ink wetting performance. RSC Advances, 2019,9:40750-40757.
[21]	CHEN F, ZHU Y J, WANG K W , et al. Surfactant-free solvothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanowire/nanotube ordered arrays with biomimetic structures. CrystEngComm, 2011,13(6):1858-1863.
[22]	ZHAO X Y, ZHU Y J, CHEN F , et al. Hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanorods and nanowires using riboflavin-5’-phosphate monosodium salt as a new phosphorus source and their application in protein adsorption. CrystEngComm, 2013,15(39):7926-7935.
[23]	BRAMHE S, KIM T N, BALAKRISHNAN A , et al. Conversion from biowaste venerupis clam shells to hydroxyapatite nanowires. Materials Letters, 2014,135:195-198.
[24]	AI M, DU Z Y, ZHU S Q , et al. Composite resin reinforced with silver nanoparticles-laden hydroxyapatite nanowires for dental application. Dental Materials, 2017,33(1):12-22.
[25]	HE J Y, ZHANG K S, WU S B , et al. Performance of novel hydroxyapatite nanowires in treatment of fluoride contaminated water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016,303(13):119-130.
[26]	QI C, TANG Q L, ZHU Y J , et al. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal rapid synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanowires using adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt as phosphorus source. Materials Letters, 2012,85:71-73.
[27]	LIN K L, LIU X G, CHANG J , et al. Facile synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, nanowires and hollow nano-structured microspheres using similar structured hard-precursors. Nanoscale, 2011,3(8):3052-3055.
[28]	YANG Z, HUANG Y, CHEN S T , et al. Template synthesis of highly ordered hydroxyapatite nanowire arrays. Journal of Materials Science, 2005,40(5):1121-1125.
[29]	COSTA D O, DIXON S J, RIZKALLA A S . One- and three-dimensional growth of hydroxyapatite nanowires during Sol-Gel-hydrothermal synthesis. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2012,4(3):1490-1499.
[30]	CAO M H, WANG Y H, GUO C X , et al. Preparation of ultrahigh- aspect-ratio hydroxyapatite nanofibers in reverse micelles under hydrothermal conditions. Langmuir, 2004,20(11):4784-4786.
[31]	GANDHI M R, KOUSALYA G N, MEENAKSHI S . Removal of copper (II) using chitin/chitosan nano-hydroxyapatite composite. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2011,48(1):119-124.
[32]	MA M G, ZHU J F . Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of hierarchically nanostructured hydroxyapatite hollow spheres. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2009,2009(36):5522-5526.
[33]	ZHANG Q Q, ZHU Y J, WU J ,et al. Ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire-based filter paper for high-performance water purification. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019,11(4):4288-4301.
[34]	REHMAN I, BONFIELD W . Characterization of hydroxyapatite and carbonated apatite by photo acoustic FT-IR spectroscopy. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 1997,8(1):1-4.
[35]	DEROCHE I, DAOU T J, PICARD C ,et al. Reminiscent capillarity in subnanopores. Nature Communications, 2019,10:4642.