Adsorption-enrichment and Localized-photodegradation of Bentonite-supported Red Phosphorus Composites

doi:10.15541/jim20190411

Abstract

Abstract:

The hydrothermally treated red phosphorus (HRP) was dispersed on exfoliated bentonite (EB) supporter to prepare the EB/HRP photocatalyst for improving photocatalytic performance. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by different methods. Rhodamine B was selected as the model pollutant to evaluate the photodegradation property of EB/HRP. Results showed that the photodegradation efficiency of the EB/HRP photocatalyst composite increased with increased EB mass fraction, and decreased after reaching the highest value. When the mass fraction of EB was 9%, the EB₉/HRP photocatalyst composite exhibited the maximum adsorption performance and photodegradation activity. Its degradation rate constant k was 0.0641 min^-1, which was two times that of HRP. In addition, after five cycles of photodegradation experiments, EB₉/HRP still had high photocatalytic activity (96.8%). Therefore, the EB₉/HRP catalyst composite had good photocatalytic activity and stability, which can be an efficient and stable photocatalyst for the degradation of pollutants.

Key words: red phosphorus, bentonite, adsorption enrichment-localized photodegradation, photocatalyst

CLC Number:

O643

ZHU Enquan,MA Yuhua,AINIWA· Munire,SU Zhi. Adsorption-enrichment and Localized-photodegradation of Bentonite-supported Red Phosphorus Composites[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(7): 803-808.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 XRD patterns (a) and FT-IR spectra (b) of EB, HRP and EB9/HRP

Fig. 2 SEM images of (a, b) HRP and (c, d) EB9/HRP

Fig. 3 (a) Photocatalytic degradation of RhB by HRP and EB/HRP; (b) Reaction kinetics of RhB by HRP and EB/HRP; (c) UV-visible spectral changes of RhB over the EB9/HRP; (d) Photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol by HRP and EB9/HRP

Fig. 4 (a) Photocurrent responses and (b) electrochemical impedance spectra of HRP and EB9/HRP

Fig. 5 (a) Effect of different radical scavengers on the degradation efficiency of RhB for EB9/HRP, and (b) cycling photocatalytic activity of EB9/HRP BQ: Benzoquinone; TBA: Tert-butyl alcohol; TEOA: Triethanolamine

References 28

[1]	WANG F, NG W K H, YU J C, et al. Red phosphorus: an elemental photocatalyst for hydrogen formation from water. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2012,111:409-414.
[2]	WANG F, LI C, LI Y, et al. Hierarchical P/YPO₄ microsphere for photocatalytic hydrogen production from water under visible light irradiation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2012, 119-120:267-272.
[3]	YUAN Y P, CAO S W, LIAO Y S, et al. Red phosphor/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activities for solar fuels production. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2013, 140-141:164-168.
[4]	SHEN Z, SUN S, WANG W, et al. A black-red phosphorus heterostructure for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015,3(7):3285-3288.
[5]	QI L, DONG K, ZENG T, et al. Three-dimensional red phosphorus: a promising photocatalyst with excellent adsorption and reduction performance. Catalysis Today, 2018,314:42-51. DOI URL
[6]	REN Z, LI D, XUE Q, et al. Facile fabrication nano-sized red phosphorus with enhanced photocatalytic activity by hydrothermal and ultrasonic method. Catalysis Today, 2020,340(15):115-120.
[7]	ANSARI S A, ANSARI M S, CHO M H. Metal free earth abundant elemental red phosphorus: a new class of visible light photocatalyst and photoelectrode materials. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2016,18(5):3921-3928. DOI URL PMID
[8]	SUN Y, REN Z, LIU Y, et al. Facile synthesis of ultrathin red phosphorus nanosheets with excellent photocatalytic performances. Materials Letters, 2019,236:542-546.
[9]	SHI Z, DONG X, DANG H. Facile fabrication of novel red phosphorus-CdS composite photocatalysts for H₂ evolution under visible light irradiation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016,41(14):5908-5915.
[10]	BAI X, WAN J, JIA J, et al. Simultaneous photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI) and RhB over 2D MoS₂/red phosphorus heterostructure under visible light irradiation. Materials Letters, 2018,222:187-191.
[11]	BAI X, DU Y, HU X, et al. Synergy removal of Cr(VI) and organic pollutants over RP-MoS₂/rGO photocatalyst. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2018,239:204-213.
[12]	WANG J, ZHANG D, DENG J, et al. Fabrication of phosphorus nanostructures/TiO₂ composite photocatalyst with enhancing photodegradation and hydrogen production from water under visible light. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2018,516:215-223. DOI URL PMID
[13]	WANG W, LI G, AN T, et al. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and bacterial inactivation utilizing sonochemical-synthesized g-C₃N₄/red phosphorus hybrid nanosheets as a wide-spectral-responsive photocatalyst: the role of type I band alignment. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2018,238:126-135.
[14]	FU J, XU Q, LOW J, et al. Ultrathin 2D/2D WO₃/g-C₃N₄ step-scheme H₂-production photocatalyst. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019,243:556-565.
[15]	CHAN D K L, YU J C, LI Y, et al. A metal-free composite photocatalyst of graphene quantum dots deposited on red phosphorus. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 2017,60:91-97.
[16]	ZHU R, CHEN Q, ZHU R, et al. Sequestration of heavy metal cations on montmorillonite by thermal treatment. Applied Clay Science, 2015,107:90-97.
[17]	RAMAKRISHNA KONDURU R, VIRARAGHAVAN T. Dye removal using low cost adsorbents. Water Science and Technology, 1997,36(2/3):189-196.
[18]	EREN E, AFSIN B. An investigation of Cu(II) adsorption by raw and acid-activated bentonite: a combined potentiometric, thermodynamic, XRD, IR, DTA study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008,151(2/3):682-691.
[19]	ÖZCAN A S, ERDEM B, ÖZCAN A. Adsorption of Acid Blue 193 from aqueous solutions onto BTMA-bentonite. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2005,266(1/2/3):73-81.
[20]	PERNYESZI T M, DéKáNY I. Photocatalytic degradation of hydrocarbons by bentonite and TiO₂ in aqueous suspensions containing surfactants. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2003,230(1/2/3):191-199.
[21]	MISHRA A, MEHTA A, KAINTH S, et al. Effect of different plasmonic metals on photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by bentonite/M-TiO₂ nanocomposites under UV/visible light. Applied Clay Science, 2018,153:144-153.
[22]	MESHRAM S, LIMAYE R, GHODKE S, et al. Continuous flow photocatalytic reactor using ZnO-bentonite nanocomposite for degradation of phenol. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011,172(2/3):1008-1015.
[23]	PATIL S P, BETHI B, SONAWANE G H, et al. Efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye over Bi₂O₃-bentonite nanocomposites: a kinetic study. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016,34:356-363. DOI URL
[24]	MA J, HUANG D, ZHANG W, et al. Nanocomposite of exfoliated bentonite/g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄ for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic decomposition of Rhodamine B. Chemosphere, 2016,162:269-276. DOI URL PMID
[25]	QU J G, LI N N, LIU B J, et al. Preparation of BiVO₄/bentonite catalysts and their photocatalytic properties under simulated solar irradiation. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2013,16(1):99-105.
[26]	ABUKHADRA M R, SHABAN M, SAYED F, et al. Efficient photocatalytic removal of safarnin-O dye pollutants from water under sunlight using synthetic bentonite/polyaniline@Ni₂O₃ photocatalyst of enhanced properties. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2018,25(33):33264-33276. URL PMID
[27]	MA J, LIU Q, ZHU L, et al. Visible light photocatalytic activity enhancement of Ag₃PO₄ dispersed on exfoliated bentonite for degradation of rhodamine B. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2016,182:26-32.
[28]	HU Z, YUAN L, LIU Z, et al. An elemental phosphorus photocatalyst with a record high hydrogen evolution efficiency. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2016,55(33):9580-9585. DOI URL PMID