Rice-like CuO Chemically Modified Electrode: Preparation and Detection for Glucose

doi:10.15541/jim20180200

Abstract

Abstract:

A novel rice-like copper oxide (CuO) was synthesized without using soft template and alkali by hydrothermal and in-situ decomposition methods. This rice-like CuO material was made into the chemically modified electrode (CME) with Nafion solution for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. Structure and morphology of the prepared material and electrode were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical performances of the obtained electrodes were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, amperometric response, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results show that morphology of the obtained CuO particle is similar to rice grain. And its length and diameter are between 0.5-1.0 μm and 250-320 nm, respectively. The CME with 0.35 mg rice-like CuO (with 0.22 cm² electrode surface area) has an obvious current response for glucose with the linear range from 0.0357 to 2.361 mmol/L, the linear equation I_pa(mA)= -0.00187+0.05239 c(mmol/L) (R²=0.998), the detection limit 0.0647 μmol/L, and the sensitivity 950.36 μA·L/(mmol·cm²). Therefore, the prepared CuO CME shows a promise selectivity and reliability for detecting glucose.

Key words: rice-like CuO, chemically modified electrode, glucose, detection

CLC Number:

O657

DENG Min, JIANG Qi, DUAN Zhi-Hong, LIU Qing-Qing, JIANG Li, LU Xiao-Ying. Rice-like CuO Chemically Modified Electrode: Preparation and Detection for Glucose[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(2): 152-158.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the CuO and CME preparation process (a), and XRD patterns of CuO (b) and SEM images of CuO (c-d)

Fig. 2 CV curves of different CMEs in blank and samples (a), EIS curves of the different CuO/Nafion-CMEs in 0.5 mol/L KCl solution and 10 mmol/L K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 (b, c) with inset showing the equivalent circuit diagram, and the relationship between the electron transfer resistance (Rct) and the CuO modified amount (d)

Fig. 3 LSV curves of the different CuO/Nafion-CMEs in sample solution (a) and relationship between the peak current, the peak potential and the CuO modified amount (b)

Fig. 4 CV curves of the S electrode in detection solution at different scan rates (a) and relationship between the oxidation peak current and the scan rate (b)

Fig. 5 I-t curves of the S electrode in blank solution with continuous dropping glucose (a), the relationship between the response current and the glucose concentration (b), the results of anti-interference experiments (c), and the stability experiments (d)

Table 1 Comparison of detection performances of the S electrode and those non-enzymatic glucose sensors reported elsewhere

Electrode materials	Linear range/(mmol·L^-1)	Sensitivity/(μA·L·mmol^-1·cm^-2)	Detection limit/ (μmol·L^-1)	Ref.
Flower-structured CuO	0.01-0.20	1830	8	[5]
Microspheres-structured CuO	0.001-4.000	349.6	0.50	[8]
Microflowers-structured CuO	0.05-3.00	383	10	[10]
Sandwich-structured CuO	0-3.2	5342.8	1.0	[14]
Microspheres-structured CuO	2-9	26.59	20.6	[22]
Cob-like CuO	0.005-1.600	726.9	2	[23]
Peony-like CuO	0.001-4.000	1322	0.5	[24]
Rice-like CuO	0.0357-2.3610	950.36	0.0647	This work

Table 2 Data of recovery experiments of the S electrode for glucose

Samples	Detected/(mmol·L^-1)	Added/(mmol·L^-1)	Found/(mmol·L^-1)	Recovery/%	RSD/(%, n=5)
1	0.893	0.200	1.088	97.50	1.9
2	0.893	0.400	1.279	96.50	2.3
3	0.893	0.600	1.482	98.17	1.5
4	0.893	0.800	1.672	97.38	2.5

References 27

[1]	LU N, SHAO C, LI X,et al. CuO/Cu2O nanofibers as electrode materials for non-enzymatic glucose sensors with improved sensitivity. RSC Adv, 2014, 4(59): 31056-31061.
[2]	ZHANG J, MA J, ZHANG S,et al. A highly sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on CuO nanoparticles decorated carbon spheres. Sens. Actuators B, 2015, 211(7): 385-391.
[3]	WANG X, GE C, CHEN K,et al. An ultrasensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on controlled petal-like CuO nanostructure. Electrochim. Acta, 2018, 259(1): 225-232.
[4]	MONDAL S, MADHURI R, SHARMA P K. CuO nanostructure modified pencil graphite electrode for non-enzymatic detection of glucose. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017, 1832(1): 050011-1-3.
[5]	CHAWLA M, SHARMA V, RANDHAWA J K.Facile one pot synthesis of CuO nanostructures and their effect on nonenzymatic glucose biosensing.Electrocatalysis, 2017, 8(1): 27-35.
[6]	GOU X, SUN S, YANG Q,et al. A very facile strategy for the synthesis of ultrathin CuO nanorods towards non-enzymatic glucose sensing. New J. Chem., 2018, 42(8): 6364-6369.
[7]	YUAN R, LI H, YIN X,et al. 3D CuO nanosheet wrapped nanofilm grown on Cu foil for high-performance non-enzymatic glucose biosensor electrode. Talanta, 2017, 174(20): 514-520.
[8]	LIU X, YANG Y, LIU R,et al. Synthesis of porous CuO microspheres assembled from (001) facet-exposed nanocrystals with excellent glucose-sensing performance. J. Alloy. Compd, 2017, 718(29): 304-310.
[9]	KHAYYAT S A, ANSARI S G, UMAR A.Glucose sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures.J. Nanosci. Nanotechno., 2014, 14(5): 3569-3574.
[10]	MAHMOUD B G, KHAIRY M, RASHWAN F A.Self-assembly of porous copper oxide hierarchical nanostructures for selective determinations of glucose and ascorbic acid.RSC Adv., 2016, 6(18): 14474-14482.
[11]	KHAN R, AHMAD R, RAI P.Glucose-assisted synthesis of Cu2O shuriken-like nanostructures and their application as nonenzymatic glucose biosensors.Sens. Actuators B, 2014, 203(14): 471-476.
[12]	ALIZADEH T, MIRZAGHOLIPUR S.A Nafion-free non-enzymatic amperometric glucose sensor based on copper oxide nanoparticles-graphene nanocomposite.Sens. Actuators B, 2014, 198(9): 438-447.
[13]	XIANG C L, ZOU Y J, XIE J J,et al. Nafion-modified glassy carbon electrode for trace determination of indium. Anal. Lett., 2005, 38(13): 2045-2055.
[14]	MEHER S K, RAO G R.Archetypal sandwich-structured CuO for high performance non-enzymatic sensing of glucose.Nanoscale, 2013, 5(5): 2089-2099.
[15]	JANA R, DEY A, DAS M,et al. Improving performance of device made up of CuO nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal over the reflux method. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018, 452(27):155-164.
[16]	WANG D, YAN B, SONG C,et al. Synthesis of hierarchical self-assembled CuO and their structure-enhanced photocatalytic performance. J. Electro. Mater., 2018, 47(1): 744-750.
[17]	LUO J, JIANG S S, ZHANG H Y,et al. A novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on Cu nanoparticle modified graphene sheets electrode. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2012, 709(1): 47-53.
[18]	LI K, FAN G L, YANG L,et al. Novel ultrasensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on controlled flower-like CuO hierarchical films. Sens. Actuators B, 2014, 199(10): 175-182.
[19]	WANG X, LIU E, ZHANG X.Non-enzymatic glucose biosensor based on copper oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites synthesized from water-isopropanol solution.Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 130(16): 253-260.
[20]	ZHANG Y, LIU Y, SU L,et al. CuO nanowires based sensitive and selective non-enzymatic glucose detection. Sens. Actuators B, 2014, 191(2): 86-93.
[21]	VELMURUGAN M, KARIKALAN N, CHEN S J.Synthesis and characterizations of biscuit-like copper oxide for the non-enzymatic glucose sensor applications. Colloid Interf. Sci., 2017, 493(9): 349-355.
[22]	SARAF M, NATARAJAN K, MOBIN S M.Non-enzymatic amperometric sensing of glucose by employing sucrose templated microspheres of copper oxide (CuO).Dalton T., 2016, 45(13): 5833-5840.
[23]	JI X, WANG A, ZHAO Q. Direct growth of copper oxide films on Ti substrate for nonenzymatic glucose sensors. J. Nanomater., 2014, 2014(2): 287303-1-5.
[24]	MA X G, ZHAO Q, WANG H,et al. Controlled synthesis of CuO from needle to flower-like particle morphologies for highly sensitive glucose detection. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2017, 12: 8217-8226.
[25]	YANG S, LI G, WANG D,et al. Synthesis of nanoneedle-like copper oxide on N-doped reduced graphene oxide: a three- dimensional hybrid for nonenzymatic glucose sensor. Sens. Actuators B, 2017, 238(1): 588-595.
[26]	ZHANG X, SUN S, LÜ J,et al. Nanoparticle-aggregated CuO nanoellipsoids for high-performance non-enzymatic glucose detection. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2(26): 10073-10080.
[27]	VINOTH V, SHERGILIN T D, ASIRI A M,et al. Facile synthesis of copper oxide microflowers for nonenzymatic glucose sensor applications. Mat. Sci. Semicon. Proc., 2018, 82(8): 31-38.