Lead-free Nonlinear Dielectric Ceramics for Energy Storage Applications: Current Status and Challenges

doi:10.15541/jim20170594

Abstract

Abstract:

Compared to polymers and their nanocomposites, dielectric ceramics are considered as promising candidates for the pulsed-power devices because of their excellent temperature stability and good anti-fatigue characteristic. Nevertheless, relatively low energy storage density is the main disadvantage for dielectric ceramics, which does not meet the requirement of miniaturization for pulsed-power devices. Therefore, how to improve the energy storage density of dielectric ceramics has become one of hot topics on the research of functional ceramics in recent years. In this paper, the basic principle of the capacitor for electric energy storage was introduced firstly and then the research advances of BaTiO₃-based, BiFeO₃-based, (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃-based lead-free relaxor ceramics and (Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃-based, and AgNbO₃-based lead-free anti-ferroelectric ceramics were reviewed based on our group’s research, in which the composition design strategies of different material systems were especially summarized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of lead-free nonlinear energy-storage ceramics were analyzed, and the coping strategies as well as the future development direction were also proposed.

Key words: lead-free ceramics, energy storage density, dielectric breakdown strength, polarization difference, review

CLC Number:

TM534

DU Hong-Liang, YANG Ze-Tian, GAO Feng, JIN Li, CHENG Hua-Lei, QU Shao-Bo. Lead-free Nonlinear Dielectric Ceramics for Energy Storage Applications: Current Status and Challenges[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(10): 1046-1058.

Figures/Tables 13

References 112

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Materials	E_b/(kV·cm^-1)	ΔP/(µC·cm^-2)	W_rec/(J·cm^-3)	η/%	Ref.
0.7BaTiO₃-0.3BiScO₃	225	25	2.3	-	[48]
0.8(0.6 BaTiO₃-0.4BiScO₃)-0.2(K_1/2Bi_1/2)TiO₃	220	~33.5	4.0	-	[50]
0.91BaTiO₃-0.09BiYbO₃	93	~17	0.71	~87	[52]
0.9BaTiO₃-0.1Bi(Mg_2/3Nb_1/3)O₃	143.5	~15	1.13	~96	[51]
0.88BaTiO₃-0.12Bi(Mg_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃	224	~19	1.81	~88	[23]
0.85BaTiO₃-0.15Bi(Zn_2/3Nb_1/3)O₃	131	7.9	0.79	93.5	[53]
0.88BaTiO₃-0.12Bi(Li_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃	270	13.35	2.032	88	[54]
0.9BaTiO₃-0.1Bi(Zn_1/2Zr_1/2)O₃	264	22.1	2.46	-	[55]

Materials	E_b/(kV·cm^-1)	ΔP/(µC·cm^-2)	W_rec/(J·cm^-3)	η/%	Ref.
0.7BaTiO₃-0.3BiScO₃	225	25	2.3	-	[48]
0.8(0.6 BaTiO₃-0.4BiScO₃)-0.2(K_1/2Bi_1/2)TiO₃	220	~33.5	4.0	-	[50]
0.91BaTiO₃-0.09BiYbO₃	93	~17	0.71	~87	[52]
0.9BaTiO₃-0.1Bi(Mg_2/3Nb_1/3)O₃	143.5	~15	1.13	~96	[51]
0.88BaTiO₃-0.12Bi(Mg_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃	224	~19	1.81	~88	[23]
0.85BaTiO₃-0.15Bi(Zn_2/3Nb_1/3)O₃	131	7.9	0.79	93.5	[53]
0.88BaTiO₃-0.12Bi(Li_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃	270	13.35	2.032	88	[54]
0.9BaTiO₃-0.1Bi(Zn_1/2Zr_1/2)O₃	264	22.1	2.46	-	[55]

Materials	Compositions	Marterial forms	E_b/(kV·cm^-1)	ΔP/(µC·cm^-2)	W_rec/(J·cm^-3)	η/%	Ref.
BF-BT	0.7(0.65BF-0.35BT)-0.3Nb₂O₅	Bulk	90	19.68	0.71	-	[60]
	0.61BF-0.33BT-0.06La(Mg_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃	Bulk	130	33.3	1.66	82	[61]
	0.61BF-0.33BT-0.06Ba(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃	Bulk	125	32.3	1.56	75	[62]
BF-ST	0.4BF-0.6ST	Thick film	420	-	6	-	[64]
BF-ST	0.4BF-0.6ST+0.5%MnO₂	Thin film	3600	~38	~51	64	[65]

Materials	Compositions	Marterial forms	E_b/(kV·cm^-1)	ΔP/(µC·cm^-2)	W_rec/(J·cm^-3)	η/%	Ref.
BF-BT	0.7(0.65BF-0.35BT)-0.3Nb₂O₅	Bulk	90	19.68	0.71	-	[60]
	0.61BF-0.33BT-0.06La(Mg_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃	Bulk	130	33.3	1.66	82	[61]
	0.61BF-0.33BT-0.06Ba(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃	Bulk	125	32.3	1.56	75	[62]
BF-ST	0.4BF-0.6ST	Thick film	420	-	6	-	[64]
BF-ST	0.4BF-0.6ST+0.5%MnO₂	Thin film	3600	~38	~51	64	[65]

Materials systems	Grain size/µm	E_b/(kV·cm^-1)	ΔP/(µC·cm^-2)	W_rec/(J·cm^-3)	η/%	Ref.
KNN	2.26	40	5	-	-	[85]
0.8KNN-0.2SSN	0.5	295	13.8	2.02	81.4	[84]
0.85KNN-0.15ST	0.3	400	25.8	4.03	52	[85]
0.90KNN-0.10BMN	0.31	300	33.0	4.08	62.7	[86]
0.8KNN-0.2SSN+0.5%ZnO	0.45	400	14.7	2.6	73.2	[90]
0.90KNN-0.10BMN+1.0%CuO	0.49	400	26	4.02	57.3	[91]