Recent Progress in High-quality Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 Single Crystal

doi:10.15541/jim20180003

Abstract

Abstract:

Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites have attracted a huge amount of research interest and arised new research upsurge due to its broad absorption range, low trap density, low carrier recombination, and other excellent optoelectronic properties. Perovskite solar cells have shown great potential for application with maximum power conversion efficiencies evolving from 3.8% to 22.1% in just a few years. Single crystal has extremely low defect density and minimal interface defect than polycrystalline materials. Several research groups successfully cultivated large-sized perovskite single crystals, finding that perovskite single crystal is an ideal material for design and fabrication of photovoltaic devices for better light-response than polycrystalline and thin-film materials. Among all kinds of perovskite materials, CH₃NH₃PbI₃ is one of the most widely studied and applied perovskite materials. This paper reviews the study of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ single crystal recently, introducing its structure and superior characteristics. Particularly, growth methods and applications of perovskite single crystals are highlighted. Finally, the development trend of perovskite single crystals is prospected.

Key words: hybrid halide perovskite, single crystal, CH₃NH₃PbI₃, optoelectronic property, review

CLC Number:

O782

CHU Zeng-Yong, LI Gao-Lin, JIANG Zhen-Hua, WANG Chun-Hua. Recent Progress in High-quality Perovskite CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Single Crystal[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(10): 1035-1045.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 The development of solar cells photoelectric conversion efficiency[3]

Fig. 2 Drawing of crystal structure of hybrid halide perovskite[5]

Fig. 3 (a) Reflection spectrum and (b) TGA curve of CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal[46]

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of solution temperature-lowering crystallization(STL) (a)-(c) Crystallization process of BSSG and images of as-prepared CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal[38, 42]; (d)-(e) Crystallization process of TSSG and image of as-prepared CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal[40]

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) (a)-(c) Crystallization process of ITC and images of as-prepared CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal[41, 43]; (d) CH3NH3PbI3 crystal growth at different time intervals by ITC[41]

Fig. 6 (a)-(c) Schematic diagram of thinness- and shape- controlled growth and images of as-prepared CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal wafer; (d) Mass photodetectors based on a piece of single CH3NH3PbI3 crystal wafer[57]

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of solvent assisted crystallization (SAC) (a)-(b) Crystallization process of DCM assisted and images of as-prepared CH3NH3PbI3 crystals[39]; (c)-(d) Solubility of CH3NH3PbI3 at different temperatures in mixed-solvent of GBL and ACN, and image of as-prepared CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal[44]; (e)-(f) Solubility of CH3NH3PbI3 at different temperatures in mixed-solvent of GBL and CB, and image of as-prepared CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal[45]

Table 1 A summary of properties of CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal by different methods

Growth method	Solvent	T/℃	Size/mm	Carrier mobility/ (cm²•V^-1•s^-1)	Trap density/cm^-3	Bandgap/eV	Crystal system	Ref.
STL	HI	65→40	10×10×8	—	—	1.48	Tetragonal	[38]
	HI	100→57	12×12×7	—	—	1.48	Tetragonal	[42]
	HI	105→40	20×18×6	167±35	(1.8±1.0)×10⁹	—	Tetragonal	[60]
	HI	75	10×3	164±25	3.6×10¹⁰	—	Tetragonal	[40]
ITC	GBL	60→110	5.8	67.2±7.3	(1.4±0.2)×10¹⁰	1.51	Tetragonal	[41]
	GBL	50→100	71×54×39	34	4.8×10¹⁰	1.53	Tetragonal	[43]
	GBL	—	113×58×52	41	2.1×10⁸	—	Tetragonal	[55]
	GBL	60→110	150 μm in thickness	39.6	6.0×10⁸	1.45	Tetragonal	[56]
SAC	GBL/DCM	Room temperature	Millimeters	2.5	(3.3±0.3)×10¹⁰	1.51	Tetragonal	[39]
	GBL/ACN	60→70	17	—	—	—	Tetragonal	[44]
	GBL/CB	30→60	15×15×10	—	—	—	Cubic	[45]

Fig. 8 Optoelectronic device applications of perovskite single crystals[40, 42, 48, 56-57, 67, 71-72]

References 74

[1]	KOJIMA A, TESHIMA K, SHIRAI Y,et al. Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131(17): 6050-6051.
[2]	YANG W S, PARK B W, JUNG E H,et al. Iodide management in formamidinium-lead-halide-based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells. Science, 2017, 356(6345): 1376-1379.
[3]
[4]	WEBER D.CH3NH3PbX3, a Pb(II)-system with cubic perovskite structure.Z. Naturforsch., B: Anorg. Chem., Org. Chem., 1978, 33: 1443-1445.
[5]	MITZI D B.Templating and structural engineering in organic- inorganic perovskites.J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 2001, 1: 1-12.
[6]	SIDEY V.On the effective ionic radii for ammonium.Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci., 2016, 72: 626-633.
[7]	NIE W, TSAI H, ASADPOUR R,et al. High-efficiency solution- processed perovskite solar cells with millimeter-scale grains. Science, 2015, 347(6221): 522-525.
[8]	LIU C, FAN J, LI H,et al. Highly efficient perovskite solar cells with substantial reduction of lead content. Sci. Rep., 2016, 6: 35705.
[9]	WU Y Z, ISLAM A, YANG X D,et al. Retarding the crystallization of PbI2 for highly reproducible planar-structured perovskite solar cells via sequential deposition. Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7(9): 2934-2938.
[10]	MEI A Y, LI X, LIU L F,et al. A hole-conductor-free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell with high stability. Science, 2014, 345(6194): 295-298.
[11]	SHI J, DONG J, LV S,et al. Hole-conductor-free perovskite organic lead iodide heterojunction thin-film solar cells: high efficiency and junction property. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2014, 104(6): 063901.
[12]	WU Y Z, YANG X D, CHEN W, et al. Perovskite solar cells with 18.21% efficiency Perovskite solar cells with 18.21% efficiency and area over 1 cm2 fabricated by heterojunction engineering. Nat. Energy, 2016, 1: 16148-1-7.
[13]	HU H, YAN K, PENG M,et al. Fiber-shaped perovskite solar cells with 5.3% efficiency. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4(10): 3901-3906.
[14]	YE T, FU W, WU J,et al. Single-crystalline lead halide perovskite arrays for solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4(4): 1214-1217.
[15]	YAN K, PENG M, YU X,et al. High-performance perovskite memristor based on methyl ammonium lead halides. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2016, 4(7): 1375-1381.
[16]	NIU G, LI W, MENG F,et al. Study on the stability of CH3NH3PbI3 films and the effect of post-modification by aluminum oxide in all-solid-state hybrid solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 2(3): 705-710.
[17]	LIU C, DING W, ZHOU X,et al. Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells prepared in ambient air based on surface-modified perovskite layer. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2017, 121(12): 6546-6553.
[18]	CHATTERJEE S, PA A J.Introducing Cu2O thin films as a hole-transport layer in efficient planar perovskite solar cell structures.J. Phys. Chem. C, 2016, 120(3): 1428-1437.
[19]	XU W, YAO X, MENG T,et al. Perovskite hybrid solar cells with a fullerene derivative electron extraction layer. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2017, 5: 4190-4197.
[20]	SUN C, WU Z, YIP H L,et al. Amino-functionalized conjugated polymer as an efficient electron transport layer for high-performance planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells. Adv. Energy Mater., 2016, 6(5): 1501534.
[21]	SU J, CHEN D P, LIN C T.Growth of large CH3NH3PbX3 (X=I, Br) single crystals in solution.J. Cryst. Growth, 2015, 422: 75-79.
[22]	ZHOU H, NIE Z, YIN J,et al. Antisolvent diffusion-induced growth, equilibrium behaviours in aqueous solution and optical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals for photovoltaic applications. RSC Adv., 2015, 5(104): 85344-85349.
[23]	RONG Y, TANG Z, ZHAO Y,et al. Solvent engineering towards controlled grain growth in perovskite planar heterojunction solar cells. Nanoscale, 2015, 7(24): 10595-10599.
[24]	HUANG J S, SHAO Y C, DONG Q F,et al. Organometal trihalide perovskite single crystals: a next wave of materials for 25% efficiency photovoltaics and applications beyond? J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2015, 6(16): 3218-3227.
[25]	POGLITSCH A, WEBER D.Dynamic disorder in methylammoniumtrihalogenoplumbates (II) observed by millimeter-wave spectroscopy.J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 87(11): 6373-6378.
[26]	BAIKIE T, FANG Y, KADRO J M,et al. Synthesis and crystal chemistry of the hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3 for solid-state sensitised solar cell applications. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1(18): 5628-5641.
[27]	IM J H, LEE C R, LEE J W,et al. 6.5% Efficient perovskite quantum- dot-sensitized solar cell. Nanoscale, 2011, 3(10): 4088-4093.
[28]	LEE M M, TEUSCHER J, MIYASAKA T,et al. Efficient hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructured organometal halide perovskites. Science, 2012, 338(6107): 643-647.
[29]	KIM H S, LEE C R, IM J H,et al. Lead iodide perovskite sensitized all-solid-state submicron thin film mesoscopic solar cell with efficiency exceeding 9%. Sci. Rep., 2012, 2: 591.
[30]	BURSHKA J, PELLET N, MOON S J,et al. Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature, 2013, 499(7458): 316-319.
[31]	KU Z, RONG Y, XU M,et al. Full printable processed mesoscopic CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 heterojunction solar cells with carbon counter electrode. Sci. Rep., 2013, 3: 3132.
[32]	LIU M Z, JOHNSTON M B, SNAITH H J,et al. Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by vapour deposition. Nature, 2013, 501(7467): 395-398.
[33]	ZHOU H, CHEN Q, LI G,et al. Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Science, 2014, 345(6196): 542-546.
[34]	ZHANG W, PATHAK S, SAKAI N, et al. Enhanced optoelectronic quality of perovskite thin films with hypophosphorous acid for planar heterojunction solar cells. Nat. Commun , 2015, 6: 10030-1-9.
[35]	YANG W S, NOH J H, JEON N J,et al. High-performance photovoltaic perovskite layers fabricated through intramolecular exchange. Science, 2015, 348(6240): 1234-1237.
[36]	STOUMPOS C C, MALLIAKAS C D, KANATZIDIS M G,et al. Semiconducting tin and lead iodide perovskites with organic cations: phase transitions, high mobilities, and near-infrared photoluminescent properties. Inorg. Chem., 2013, 52(15): 9019-9038.
[37]	PISONI A, JACIMOVIC J, BARISIC O S,et al. Ultra-low thermal conductivity in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2014, 5(14): 2488-2492.
[38]	DANG Y, LIU Y, SUN Y,et al. Bulk crystal growth of hybrid perovskite material CH3NH3PbI3. CrystEngComm, 2015, 17(3): 665-670.
[39]	SHI D, ADINOLFI V, COMIN R,et al. Low trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals. Science, 2015, 347(6221): 519-522.
[40]	DONG Q, FANG Y, SHAO Y,et al. Electron-hole diffusion lengths > 175 μm in solution-grown CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals. Science, 2015, 347(6225): 967-970.
[41]	SAIDAMINOV M I, ABDELHADY A L, MURALI B, et al. High-quality bulk hybrid perovskite single crystals within minutes by inverse temperature crystallization. Nat. Commun., 2015, 6: 7586-1-6.
[42]	LIAN Z, YAN Q, LV Q,et al. High-performance planar-type photodetector on (100) facet of MAPbI3 single crystal. Sci. Rep., 2015, 5: 16563.
[43]	LIU Y, YANG Z, CUI D,et al. Two-inch-sized perovskite CH3NH3PbX3(X = Cl, Br, I) crystals: growth and characterization. Adv. Mater., 2015, 27(35): 5176-5183.
[44]	KU Z, TIEP N H, WU B,et al. Solvent engineering for fast growth of centimetric high-quality CH3NH3PbI3perovskite single crystals. New J. Chem., 2016, 40(9): 7261-7264.
[45]	LUAN M, SONG J, WEI X,et al. Controllable growth of bulk cubic-phase CH3NH3PbI3 single crystal with exciting room temperature stability. CrystEngComm, 2016, 18(28): 5257-5261.
[46]	LI G.Preparation and Characterization of Organic-inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Materials. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology Bachelor Dissertation, 2016.
[47]	XIAO Z, DONG Q, BI C,et al. Solvent annealing of perovskite-induced crystal growth for photovoltaic-device efficiency enhancement. Adv. Mater., 2014, 26(37): 6503-6509.
[48]	DONG Q, SONG J, FANG Y,et al. Lateral-structure single-crystal hybrid perovskite solar cells via piezoelectric poling. Adv. Mater., 2016, 28(14): 2816-2821.
[49]	ZHOU Y Y, LI C M, WANG Y, et al. Preparation and Characterization of High-quality Perovskite CH3NH3PbX3(I, Br) Single Crystal. 1st International Conference on New Material and Chemical Industry, SanYa, 2017, 167: 012019.
[50]	QIN X, YAO Y, DONG H,et al. Perovskite photodetectors based on CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals. Chem. Asian J., 2016, 11(19): 2675-2679.
[51]	DANG Y, JU D, WANG L,et al. Recent progress in the synthesis of hybrid halide perovskite single crystals. CrystEngComm, 2016, 18(24): 4476-4484.
[52]	LEGUY A M A, HU Y, CAMPOY M,et al. Reversible hydration of CH3NH3PbI3in films, single crystals, and solar cells. Chem. Mater., 2015, 27(9): 3397-3407.
[53]	VINCENT B R, ROBERTSON K N, CAMERON T S,et al. Alkylammonium lead halides. Part 1. Isolated PbI64- ions in (CH3NH3)4PbI6·2H2O. Can. J. Chem., 1987, 65: 1042-1046.
[54]	KADRO J M, NONOMURA K, GACHET D,et al. Facile route to freestanding CH3NH3PbI3 crystals using inverse solubility. Sci. Rep., 2015, 5: 11654.
[55]	KATZ E A.High quality large single crystals of metal halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications.Sci. Chi. Chem., 2017, 60(10): 1326-1328.
[56]	LIU Y C, REN X D, ZHANG J,et al. 120 millimeter single-crystalline perovskite and wafers: towards viable applications. Sci. Chi. Chem., 2017, 60(10): 1367-1376.
[57]	LIU Y, ZHANG Y, YANG Z,et al. Thinness- and shape-controlled growth for ultrathin single-crystalline perovskite wafers for mass production of superior photoelectronic devices. Adv. Mater., 2016, 28(41): 9204-9209.
[58]	NAYAK P K, MOORE D T, WENGER B,et al. Mechanism for rapid growth of organic-inorganic halide perovskite crystals. Nat. Commun., 2016, 7: 13303.
[59]	KAWAMURA Y, MASHIYAMA H, HASEBE, K. structural study on cubic-tetragonal transition of CH3NH3PbI3.J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 2002, 71(7): 1694-1697.
[60]	LIAN Z, YAN Q, GAO T,et al. Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3(Cl) single crystals: rapid solution growth, unparalleled crystalline quality, and low trap density toward 108 cm-3. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138(30): 9409-9412.
[61]	YANG B, KEUM J, OVCHINNIKOVA O S,et al. Deciphering halogen competition in organometallic halide perovskite growth. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138(15): 5028-5035.
[62]	ZHANG Y, HUANG F Q, MI Q X,et al. Preferential facet growth of methylammonium lead halide single crystals promoted by halide coordination. Chem. Lett., 2016, 45(8): 1030-1032.
[63]	DING J, DU S, ZHAO Y,et al. High-quality inorganic-organic perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals for photo-detector applications. J. Mater. Sci., 2017, 52(1): 276-284.
[64]	XING G, MATHEWS N, LIM S S,et al. Low-temperature solution- processed wavelength-tunable perovskites for lasing. Nat. Mater., 2014, 13(5): 476-480.
[65]	DOU L, YANG Y, YOU J, et al. Solution-processed hybrid perovskite photodetectors with high detectivity. Nat. Commun., 2014, 5: 5404-1-6.
[66]	WEI H, FANG Y, MULLIGAN P,et al. Sensitive X-ray detectors made of methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite single crystals. Nature Photon., 2016, 10: 333-339.
[67]	TAN Z K, MOGHADDAM R S, LAI M L,et al. Bright light-emitting diodes based on organometal halide perovskite. Nature Nanotech., 2014, 9(9): 687-692.
[68]	STRANKS S D, EPERON G E, GRANCINI G,et al. Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber. Science, 2013, 342(6156): 341-344.
[69]	KIM H S, MORA-SERO I, GONZALEZ V,et al. Mechanism of carrier accumulation in perovskite thin-absorber solar cells. Nat. Commun., 2013, 4: 2242.
[70]	CHEN Y S, MANSER J S, KAMAT P V.All solution-processed lead halide perovskite-BiVO4 tandem assembly for photolytic solar fuels production.J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2015, 137(2): 974-981.
[71]	XU Q, WEI H, WEI W,et al. Detection of charged particles with a methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite single crystal. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, 2017, 848: 106-108.
[72]	SEMONIN O E, ELBAZ G A, STRAUS D B,et al. Limits of carrier diffusion in n-type and p-type CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite single crystals. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2016, 7(17): 3510-3518.
[73]	WANGYANG P H, SUN H, ZHU X H, et al.Solution-processable methyl ammonium lead iodide single crystal photodetectors for visible light and X-ray. Phys. Status Solidi A, 2017, 214(11): 1700538-1-5.
[74]	DING J, YAN Q F.Progress in organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite single crystal: growth techniques and applications.Sci. Chi. Mater., 2017, 60: 1063-1078.

Recent Progress in High-quality Perovskite CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Single Crystal

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 74

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	DING Ling, JIANG Rui, TANG Zilong, YANG Yunqiong. MXene: Nanoengineering and Application as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(6): 619-633.
[2]	YANG Zhuo, LU Yong, ZHAO Qing, CHEN Jun. X-ray Diffraction Rietveld Refinement and Its Application in Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(6): 589-605.
[3]	CHEN Qiang, BAI Shuxin, YE Yicong. Highly Thermal Conductive Silicon Carbide Ceramics Matrix Composites for Thermal Management: a Review [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(6): 634-646.
[4]	LIN Junliang, WANG Zhanjie. Research Progress on Ferroelectric Superlattices [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(6): 606-618.
[5]	ZHANG Shouchao, CHEN Hongyu, LIU Hongfei, YANG Yu, LI Xin, LIU Defeng. High Temperature Recovery of Neutron Irradiation-induced Swelling and Optical Property of 6H-SiC [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(6): 678-686.
[6]	NIU Jiaxue, SUN Si, LIU Pengfei, ZHANG Xiaodong, MU Xiaoyu. Copper-based Nanozymes: Properties and Applications in Biomedicine [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(5): 489-502.
[7]	YUAN Jingkun, XIONG Shufeng, CHEN Zhangwei. Research Trends and Challenges of Additive Manufacturing of Polymer-derived Ceramics [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(5): 477-488.
[8]	YOU Junqi, LI Ce, YANG Dongliang, SUN Linfeng. Double Dielectric Layer Metal-oxide Memristor: Design and Applications [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(4): 387-398.
[9]	DU Jianyu, GE Chen. Recent Progress in Optoelectronic Artificial Synapse Devices [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(4): 378-386.
[10]	YANG Yang, CUI Hangyuan, ZHU Ying, WAN Changjin, WAN Qing. Research Progress of Flexible Neuromorphic Transistors [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(4): 367-377.
[11]	LI Yicun, LIU Xuedong, HAO Xiaobin, DAI Bing, LYU Jilei, ZHU Jiaqi. Rapid Growth of Single Crystal Diamond at High Energy Density by Plasma Focusing [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(3): 303-309.
[12]	QI Zhanguo, LIU Lei, WANG Shouzhi, WANG Guogong, YU Jiaoxian, WANG Zhongxin, DUAN Xiulan, XU Xiangang, ZHANG Lei. Progress in GaN Single Crystals: HVPE Growth and Doping [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(3): 243-255.
[13]	WANG Zhiqiang, WU Ji’an, CHEN Kunfeng, XUE Dongfeng. Large-size Er,Yb:YAG Single Crystal: Growth and Performance [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(3): 329-334.
[14]	ZHANG Chaoyi, TANG Huili, LI Xianke, WANG Qingguo, LUO Ping, WU Feng, ZHANG Chenbo, XUE Yanyan, XU Jun, HAN Jianfeng, LU Zhanwen. Research Progress of ScAlMgO₄ Crystal: a Novel GaN and ZnO Substrate [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(3): 228-242.
[15]	CHEN Kunfeng, HU Qianyu, LIU Feng, XUE Dongfeng. Multi-scale Crystallization Materials: Advances in in-situ Characterization Techniques and Computational Simulations [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(3): 256-269.