Hydrothermal Synthesis of FeS2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite with Enhanced Discharge Performance for Thermal Battery

doi:10.15541/jim20160493

Abstract

Abstract:

FeS₂/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composites were prepared through a facile hydrothermal method using FeCl₂, Na₂S₂O₃and graphene oxide(GO) as the starting materials. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser particle size distribution analyzer, and differential thermal analyzer (DTA) were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposites. The results show that graphene oxide prevents the aggregation of FeS₂ particles during the hydrothermal synthesis, and make FeS₂ form loose spherical particles. FeS₂/RGO exhibits a high specific capacity of 314.9 mAh/g with a cut-off voltage of 1.5 V at constant current density of 100 mA/cm²and temperature of 450℃ in LiCl-KCl melt, which is 65.6 mAh/g higher than that of FeS₂. FeS₂/RGO exhibits a high specific capacity of 302.3 mAh/g with a cut-off voltage of 1.5 V at constant current density of 100 mA/cm²and temperature of 500℃ in LiF-LiCl-LiBr melt, which is 29.8 mAh/g higher than that of FeS₂. In contrast with FeS₂, the conductivity of the FeS₂/RGO cathode material is improved, the resistance of the single cell is relatively lower during discharge process, thus FeS₂/RGO cathode has a better battery discharge capacity.

Key words: thermal battery, cathode material, hydrothermal synthesis, FeS₂/RGO

CLC Number:

TM911

YANG Kun-Kun, YANG Shao-Hua, ZHAO Ping, ZHAO Yan-Long. Hydrothermal Synthesis of FeS₂/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite with Enhanced Discharge Performance for Thermal Battery[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2017, 32(7): 691-698.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of GO, RGO, FeS2 and FeS2/RGO

Fig. 2 SEM images of FeS2 and FeS2/RGO(a, c) FeS2; (b, d) FeS2/RGO

Fig. 3 Particle size distributions of FeS2 and FeS2/RGO

Table 1 Particle size distributions of FeS2 and FeS2/RGO

Sample	D₁₀/μm	D₂₅/μm	D₅₀/μm	D₇₅/μm	D₉₀/μm
FeS₂	3.07	7.07	14.92	27.22	42.77
FeS₂/RGO	4.33	6.96	10.65	15.12	19.73

Fig. 4 DTA curves of graphite, GO and RGO

Fig. 5 DTA curves of FeS2 and FeS2/RGO

Fig. 6 DTA curves of LiCl-KCl eutectic electrolyte and LiF- LiCl-LiBr eutectic electrolyte

Fig. 7 Discharge curves of LiSi/FeS2 and LiSi/(FeS2/RGO) cells in LiCl-KCl eutectic electrolyte

Fig. 8 Resistance values of LiSi/FeS2 and LiSi/(FeS2/RGO) cells in LiCl-KCl eutectic electrolyte

Fig. 9 Discharge curves of LiSi/FeS2 and LiSi/(FeS2/RGO) cells in LiF-LiCl-LiBr eutectic electrolyte

Fig. 10 Resistance values of LiSi/FeS2 and LiSi/(FeS2/RGO) cells in LiF-LiCl-LiBr eutectic electrolyte

References 32

[1]	陆瑞生, 刘效疆. 热电池, 北京:国防工业出版, 2005: 80-108.
[2]	GUIDOTTI R A, MASSET P J.Thermally activated (“thermal”) battery technology Part I: An overview.Journal of Power Sources, 2006, 161(2): 1443-1449.
[3]	GUIDOTTI R A, MASSET P J.Thermally activated (“thermal”) battery technology Part IV. Anode materials.Journal of Power Sources, 2008, 183(1): 388-398.
[4]	MASSET P J, GUIDOTTI R A.Thermal activated (“thermal”) battery technology Part IIIa: FeS2 cathode material.Journal of Power Sources, 2008, 177(2): 595-609.
[5]	DONG J, CHONG J.Influencing factors of the thermal stability for pyrite.Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2008, 32(03): 147-150.
[6]	GUIDOTTI R A, REINHARDT F W, DAI J, et al.Performance of thermal cells and batteries made with plasma-sprayed cathodes and anodes.Journal of Power Sources, 2006, 160(2): 1456-1464.
[7]	CHEN W H, YANG S H, MENG J H, et al.Preparation of FeS2 thin-film cathode for thermal batteries by screen printing.Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 37(02): 226-227.
[8]	YANG X W, LIU X J, YANG Z T, et al.Effects of FeS2 preparation conditions on the properties of LiSi/FeS2 thermal battery.Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2014,43(04): 839-844.
[9]	YANG Z T, LIU X J, FENG X L, et al. Thermal battery applications of pyrite prepared by hydrothermal method.Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2013(09): 1896-1900.
[10]	AWANO A, HARAGUCHI K, YAMASAKI H.Li/Fe1-xCoxS2 System Thermal Battery Performance. Power Sources Symposium, IEEE 35th International, Cherry Hill, US, 1992. 219-222.
[11]	SWIFT G, LAMB C. Thermal Battery Cathode Materials and Batteries Including Same. US Patent, 2010030853 A1.2010-12-09.
[12]	FUJIWARA S, INABA M, TASAKA A.New molten salt systems for high temperature molten salt batteries: ternary and quaternary molten salt systems based on LiF-LiCl, LiF-LiBr, and LiCl-LiBr.Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196(8): 4012-4018.
[13]	MASSET P, SCHOEFFERT S, POINSO J Y, et al.LiF-LiCl-LiI vs. LiF-LiBr-KBr as molten salt electrolyte in thermal batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2005, 152(2): A405-A410.
[14]	CHONG J, CAO J J, ZHAO J F, et al.Effect of the cathode materials on the performances of thermal battery.Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2004, 28(07): 419-422.
[15]	LIN B S, YANG S H, CAO X H.Voltage peak clipping research of FeS2 thin film cathode for thermal battery.Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 39(06): 1269-1270.
[16]	BA Z J, YANG S H, CAO X H, et al.Preparation and discharge performance of carbonized cobalt disulfide electrode materials.Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 40(2): 76-78.
[17]	CHOI Y, CHO S, LEE Y S.Effect of the addition of carbon black and carbon nanotube to FeS2 cathode on the electrochemical performance of thermal battery.Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2014, 20(5): 3584-3589.
[18]	YUAN C J, YANG S H, CAO X H.Effects of conductive additives on the performance Cu3V2O8 cathode for low-temperature/ high-voltage thermal battery.Journal of Functional Materials, 2015, 46(17): 17046-17048.
[19]	LV K, YANG S H, ZHAO P, et al.Research of performance influence factors of FeS2 thin-film cathodes for LiSi/FeS2 thermal batteries.Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 38(8): 1519-1522.
[20]	Zhao P, LV K, YANG S H, et al.Preparation and discharge performance of CoS2 cathode material for thermal battery.Journal of Functional Materials, 2013, 44(S1): 108-111.
[21]	LIN B S, CAO X H, YANG S H, et al.Hydrothermal synthesis and discharge performance of NiS2 used for thermal battery.Journal of Shenyang Ligong University, 2014, 33(2): 26-30.
[22]	PUMERA M.Graphene-based nanomaterials for energy storage.Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4(3): 668-674.
[23]	ZHANG M, CHEN B, TANG H, et al.Hydrothermal synthesis and tribological properties of FeS2(pyrite)/reduced graphene oxide heterojunction.RSC Advances, 2015, 5(2): 1417-1423.
[24]	XUE H, YU D, QING J, et al.Pyrite FeS2 microspheres wrapped by reduced graphene oxide as high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes.Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3(15): 7945-7949.
[25]	TAN R, YANG J, HU J, et al.Core-shell nano-FeS2@N-doped graphene as an advanced cathode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Chemical Communications, 2016, 52(5): 986-989.
[26]	QIU W, XIA J, ZHONG H, et al.L-cysteine-assisted synthesis of cubic pyrite/nitrogen-doped graphene composite as anode material for lithium-ion batteries.Electrochimica Acta, 2014, 137: 197-205.
[27]	LIU W, XU L, LI X, SHEN C, et al.High-dispersive FeS2 on graphene oxide for effective degradation of 4-chlorophenol.RSC Advances, 2015, 5(4): 2449-2456.
[28]	HUMMERS W S, OFFEMAN RE.Preparation of graphitic oxide.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1958, 80(6): 1339.
[29]	WANG J D, PENG T J, SUN H J, et al.Effect of the hydrothermal reaction temperature on three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide′s appearance, structure and super capacitor performance.Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2014, 30(11): 2077-2084.
[30]	STRAUSS E, ARDEL G, LIVSHITS V, et al.Lithium polymer electrolyte pyrite rechargeable battery: comparative characterization of natural pyrite from different sources as cathode material.Journal of Power Sources, 2000, 88(2): 206-218.
[31]	PRETO S K, TOMCZUK Z, VON WINBUSH S, et al.Reactions of FeS2, CoS2, and NiS2 electrodes in molten LiCl-KCl electrolytes.Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1983, 130(2): 264-273.
[32]	YANG Z, LIU X, FENG X, et al.Hydrothermal synthesized micro/nano-sized pyrite used as cathode material to improve the electrochemical performance of thermal battery.Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2014, 44(10): 1075-1080.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of FeS₂/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite with Enhanced Discharge Performance for Thermal Battery

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 32

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	KONG Guoqiang, LENG Mingzhe, ZHOU Zhanrong, XIA Chi, SHEN Xiaofang. Sb Doped O3 Type Na_0.9Ni_0.5Mn_0.3Ti_0.2O₂ Cathode Material for Na-ion Battery [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(6): 656-662.
[2]	YANG Zhuo, LU Yong, ZHAO Qing, CHEN Jun. X-ray Diffraction Rietveld Refinement and Its Application in Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(6): 589-605.
[3]	LI Tao, CAO Pengfei, HU Litao, XIA Yong, CHEN Yi, LIU Yuejun, SUN Aokui. NH₄⁺ Assisted Interlayer-expansion of MoS₂: Preparation and Its Zinc Storage Performance [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(1): 79-86.
[4]	WANG Yang, FAN Guangxin, LIU Pei, YIN Jinpei, LIU Baozhong, ZHU Linjian, LUO Chengguo. Microscopic Mechanism of K⁺ Doping on Performance of Lithium Manganese Cathode for Li-ion Battery [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(9): 1023-1029.
[5]	LI Wenbo, HUANG Minsong, LI Yueming, LI Chilin. CoS₂ as Cathode Material for Magnesium Batteries with Dual-salt Electrolytes [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(2): 173-181.
[6]	WANG Tingting, SHI Shumei, LIU Chenyuan, ZHU Wancheng, ZHANG Heng. Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Nickel Phyllosilicate Microspheres as Efficient Adsorbents for Removal of Basic Fuchsin [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(12): 1330-1336.
[7]	SONG Keke, HUANG Hao, LU Mengjie, YANG Anchun, WENG Jie, DUAN Ke. Hydrothermal Preparation and Characterization of Zn, Si, Mg, Fe Doped Hydroxyapatite [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(10): 1091-1096.
[8]	WANG Wu-Lian, ZHANG Jun, WANG Qiu-Shi, CHEN Liang, LIU Zhao-Ping. High-quality Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃ Nanocubes: Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance as Cathode Material for Aqueous Sodium-ion Battery [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(12): 1301-1308.
[9]	WANG Jia-Hu, WANG Wen-Xin, DU Peng, HU Fang-Dong, JIANG Xiao-Lei, YANG Jian. Synthesis of Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃@V₂O_5-_x as Cathode Material for Sodium-ion Battery [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(10): 1097-1102.
[10]	LEE Sai-Xi, WANG Xue-Yin, GU Qing-Wen, XIA Yong-Gao, LIU Zhao-Ping, HE Jie. Tuning Electrochemical Performance through Non-stoichiometric Compositions in High-voltage Spinel Cathode Materials [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(9): 993-1000.
[11]	WANG Shu-Jiang, YANG Yong-Heng, WEN Chun-Yang, ZHANG Guo-Kui, YUAN Chun-Hui. Preparation and Property of Nano-Ag/illite Composite Material [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(5): 570-576.
[12]	LUO Ling-Hong, HU Jia-Xing, CHENG Liang, XU Xu, WU Ye-Fan, LIN You-Chen. Performance of the Composite Cathode Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-_δ-Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_2-_δ for Medium-low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(4): 441-446.
[13]	LI Ling, LI Yun-Jiao, XU Bin, LU Wei-Sheng, SU Qian-Ye, CHEN Yong-Xiang, LI Lin. LiNi_xCo_yMn_1-_x_-_yO₂ Cathode Material Synthesized through Construction of E-pH Diagram and Its Electrochemical Performance [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(3): 320-324.
[14]	JIA Si-Qi, JIANG Zheng, CHI Li-Na, YE Ying, HU Shuang-Shuang. Synthesis and Photoelectrocatalytic Performance of Sb₂S₃ Nanorods from Natural Stibnite [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(11): 1213-1218.
[15]	GUO Yu, LI Dong-Xin, WU Hong-Mei, JIN Yu-Jia, ZHOU Li-Dai, CHEN Qiang-Qiang. Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Performance of Supported Titanium Silicalite-1 Zeolite Membrane Catalyst [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2017, 32(6): 631-636.