Preparation and Capacitive Properties of Graphite-like Porous Carbon Based on Coal Extracts

doi:10.15541/jim20150329

Abstract

Abstract:

By using extracts of lignites as carbon precursors, MgO as isolation agent, and KOH as activator, porous graphene-like carbon materials were prepared at 800℃ under an inert atmosphere. Porous carbon materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM and Raman. Further, electrochemical capacitive properties of porous carbons before and after activation as the electrodes were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and impedance spectroscopic techniques. Results indicate that carbon materials after activation exhibit porous film-like shape. The specific surface areas of carbon materials before and after activation are 138.4 m²/g and 1396 m²/g, respectively. Specific capacitances of carbon materials after activation reach 533 F/g and 390 F/g at 1 A/g and 4 A/g, respectively, while those of carbon materials before activation at same conditions are 366 F/g and 198 F/g. After 8000 cycles at a current density of 5 A/g, the capacitance retentions of carbon materials before and after activation are 72.5% and 89.6%, respectively. Accordingly, after KOH activation, the specific capacitance and electrochemical stability of carbon materials are significantly improved. This study verifies that the use of the isolation agent and the activator can obtain highly flexible graphene-like porous carbon with high capacitance performance.

Key words: coal extracts, porous carbon, electrode material, capacitive performance

CLC Number:

TQ174

LI Jin-Hong, ZHOU Qi-Xiong, MI Hong-Yu, LI Xian, LI Hui-Ping. Preparation and Capacitive Properties of Graphite-like Porous Carbon Based on Coal Extracts[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2016, 31(1): 39-46.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 TG-DTG curves of the extracts

Table 1 Proximate and ultimate analysis of extracts

Proximate analysis / wt%					Ultimate analysis /(wt%, daf)					H/C	O/C
M_ad	A_ad	V_daf	FC_ad		C	H	N	S	O^*	H/C	O/C
1.76	0.93	75.29	24.05		77.6	5.76	0.99	0.13	15.52	0.89	0.15

Fig. 2 FTIR spectra of the extracts and C2

Fig. 3 XRD spectra (a) and Raman spectrum (b) of C2

Fig. 4 TEM images of C3 (a), C1 (b) and C2 (c)

Fig. 5 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore size distribution of C1 (a) and C2 (b)

Fig. 6 Cyclic voltammograms of C1 (a) and C2 (b) electrodes at different scanning rates

Fig. 7 Charge/discharge curves of C1 (a) and C2 (b) electrodes at different current densities

Fig. 8 Specific capacitance (a) and rate performance (b) for C1 and C2 electrodes at different current densities

Fig. 9 Cycling performance and coulombic efficiency of C1 and C2 electrodes at a current density of 5 A/g

Fig. 10 Nyquist plots before and after 8000 cycles of C1 and C2 electrodes

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