Effect of Petroleum Coke Expanding by HNO3 on the Performance of Supercapacitor Based on the Activated Carbon

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1077.2014.13288

Abstract

Abstract:

Petroleum coke (PC) was expanded by using KMnO₄ as oxidant and HNO₃ as intercalator so as to decrease the amount of KOH needed for the successive activation. The expanded PC (EPC) was activated at KOH / coke mass ratio of 3:1, 4:1 and 5:1. The products were denoted as EAC-3, EAC-4 and EAC-5, respectively. As a comparison, PC was also activated at the same KOH / coke mass ratio. The products were denoted as AC-3, AC-4 and AC-5, respectively. Thermogravimetry (TG), XRD, I₂ adsorption, N₂ adsorption, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to investigate the influence of expanding treatment on the structure and performance of the PCs and ACs. The research revealed that expanding treatment increased the interplanar distance of PC microcrystalline from 0.344 nm to 0.359 nm and decreased the microcrystalline thickness from 2.34 nm to 1.61 nm. The specific surface areas of EAC-3 and AC-5 were 3325 and 3291 m²/g, respectively. The average pore size of EAC-3 was 2.16 nm, which was 0.08 nm larger than that of AC-5. At a scan rate of 0.5 mV/s, EAC-3 and AC-5 achieved a specific gravimetric capacitance of 448 and 429 F/g, respectively. Supercapacitor based on EAC-3 possessed lower resistance and better power performance.

Key words: petroleum coke, expanding, supercapacitor, activated carbon

CLC Number:

O646

DENG Mei-Gen, WANG Ren-Qing, Feng Yi-Hong. Effect of Petroleum Coke Expanding by HNO₃ on the Performance of Supercapacitor Based on the Activated Carbon[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2014, 29(3): 245-249.

Figures/Tables 6

References 22

[1]	LIU Y, ZHAO Y L, GAO A F, et al. Facile synthesis and supercapacitor properties of graphene nanosheets. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2013, 28(6): 611-615.
[2]	WEI L, YUSHIN G. Electrical double layer capacitors with activated sucrose-derived carbon electrodes. Carbon, 2011, 49(14): 4830-4838.
[3]	GARCIA B B, CANDELARIA S L, CAO G. Nitrogenated porous carbon electrodes for supercapacitors. Journal of Materials Science, 2012, 47(16): 5996-6004.
[4]	LUO H M, YANG P, ZHANG F B. Preparation and electrochemical properties of coke powder activated carbon based electrode materials. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2013, 24(2): 586-593.
[5]	YUAN Y F, XIA X H, WU J B, et al. Hierarchically porous Co3O4 film with mesoporous walls prepared via liquid crystalline template for supercapacitor application. Electrochemistry Communications, 2011, 13(10): 1123-1126.
[6]	SUN J, BI H. Pickering emulsion fabrication and enhanced supercapacity of graphene oxide-covered polyaniline nanoparticles. Materials Letters, 2012, 81: 48-51.
[7]	POGNON G, BROUSSE T, BÉLANGER D. Effect of molecular grafting on the pore size distribution and the double layer capacitance of activated carbon for electrochemical double layer capacitors. Carbon, 2011, 49(4): 1340-1348.
[8]	BARPANDA P, FANCHINI G, AMATUCCI G G. Structure, surface morphology and electrochemical properties of brominated activated carbons. Carbon, 2011, 49(7): 2538-2548.
[9]	SEREDYCH M, HULICOVA-JURCAKOVA D, LU G Q, et al. Surface functional groups of carbons and the effects of their chemical character, density and accessibility to ions on electrochemical performance. Carbon, 2008, 46(11): 1475-1488.
[10]	RAMBABU N, AZARGOHAR R, DALAI A K, et al. Evaluation and comparison of enrichment efficiency of physical/chemical activations and functionalized activated carbons derived from fluid petroleum coke for environmental applications. Fuel Processing Technology, 2013(106): 501-505.
[11]	LEE S H, CHOI C S. Chemical activation of high sulfur petroleum cokes by alkali metal compounds. Fuel Process Technology, 2000, 64: 141-153.
[12]	ZHU X P, FU Y, HU G S, et al. CO2 capture with activated carbons prepared by petroleum coke and KOH at low pressure. Water Air Soil Pollut., 2013(224):1387-1398.
[13]	LEE S H, CHOI C S. Chemical activation of high sulfur petroleum cokes by alkali metal compounds. Fuel Processing Technology, 2000, 64: 141-153.
[14]	TAKAYUKI K, MITSUHIRO K, MAURICE S O, et al. Preparation of activated carbon from potroleum coke by KOH chemical activation for adsorption heat pump. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2008, 28: 865-871.
[15]	HE X, LEI J, GENG Y, et al. Preparation of microporous activated carbon and its electrochemical performance for electric double layer capacitor. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2009, 70(3/4): 738-744.
[16]	LU C L, XU S P, GAN Y X, et al. Effect of pre-oxidation on the development of porosity in activated carbons from petroleum coke. Carbon, 2007, 45: 206-209.
[17]	JIANG B C, ZHANG Y C, ZHOU J X, et al. Effects of chemical modification of petroleum cokes on the properties of the resulting activated carbon. Fuel, 2008, 87:1844-1848.
[18]	XING W, YAN Z F. Effects of preoxidation on the surface properties of super active carbon. New Carbon Materials, 2002, 17(3):25-30.
[19]	SHI Z Q, ZHAO S, CHEN M M, et al. Effects of precarbonization on structure and capacitive behavior of petroleum coke activated by KOH. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2008, 23(4): 800-804.
[20]	LU C L, XU S P, GAN Y X, et al. Effect of pre-carbonization of petroleum cokes on chemical activation with KOH. Carbon, 2005, 43: 2295-2301.
[21]	YUE Z R, JIANG W, WANG L, et al. Surface characterization of electrochemically oxidized carbon fibers. Carbon, 1999, 37(11): 1785-1796.
[22]	MENG Q H, LI K X, SONG Y, et al. Study on the capacitive properties of activated carbon electrodes obtained from oil tar. New Carbon Materials, 2001, 16(4):18-21.

Sample	I₂ / (mg·g^-1)	V_t / (cm³·g^-1)	V_micro / (cm³·g^-1)	(V_micro/V_t) / %	S_BET / (m²·g^-1)	S_micro / (m²·g^-1)	(S_micro/S_BET) / %	L_c / nm
AC-3	2270	1.17	0.97	82.91	2216	1978	89.26	1.92
AC-4	2604	1.44	1.17	81.25	2929	2598	88.69	1.94
AC-5	2910	1.71	1.23	71.93	3291	2766	84.05	2.08
EAC-3	2923	1.76	1.21	68.75	3325	2731	82.14	2.16
EAC-4	2747	1.87	0.96	51.43	3054	1951	63.88	2.39
EAC-5	2345	2.04	0.58	25.88	2632	868	32.99	2.67

Sample	I₂ / (mg·g^-1)	V_t / (cm³·g^-1)	V_micro / (cm³·g^-1)	(V_micro/V_t) / %	S_BET / (m²·g^-1)	S_micro / (m²·g^-1)	(S_micro/S_BET) / %	L_c / nm
AC-3	2270	1.17	0.97	82.91	2216	1978	89.26	1.92
AC-4	2604	1.44	1.17	81.25	2929	2598	88.69	1.94
AC-5	2910	1.71	1.23	71.93	3291	2766	84.05	2.08
EAC-3	2923	1.76	1.21	68.75	3325	2731	82.14	2.16
EAC-4	2747	1.87	0.96	51.43	3054	1951	63.88	2.39
EAC-5	2345	2.04	0.58	25.88	2632	868	32.99	2.67

Effect of Petroleum Coke Expanding by HNO₃ on the Performance of Supercapacitor Based on the Activated Carbon

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 6

References 22

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	DING Ling, JIANG Rui, TANG Zilong, YANG Yunqiong. MXene: Nanoengineering and Application as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(6): 619-633.
[2]	ZHOU Fan, BI Hui, HUANG Fuqiang. Ultra-large Specific Surface Area Activated Carbon Synthesized from Rice Husk with High Adsorption Capacity for Methylene Blue [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(8): 893-903.
[3]	LI Chuang, YANG Qingfeng, LU Shengsen, LIU Yangqiao. Adsorption of Phosphonate Antiscalant HEDP from Reverse Osmosis Concentrates by La/FeOOH@PAC [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(8): 841-846.
[4]	SUN Peng, ZHANG Shaoning, BI Hui, DONG Wujie, HUANG Fuqiang. Tuning Nitrogen Species and Content in Carbon Materials through Constructing Variable Structures for Supercapacitors [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(7): 766-772.
[5]	LIU Fangfang, CHUAN Xiuyun, YANG Yang, LI Aijun. Influence of N/S Co-doping on Electrochemical Property of Brucite Template Carbon Nanotubes [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(7): 711-717.
[6]	WANG Yiliang, AI Yunlong, YANG Shuwei, LIANG Bingliang, ZHENG Zhenhuan, OUYANG Sheng, HE Wen, CHEN Weihua, LIU Changhong, ZHANG Jianjun, LIU Zhiyong. Facile Synthesis and Supercapacitor Performance of M₃O₄(M=FeCoCrMnMg) High Entropy Oxide Powders [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(4): 425-430.
[7]	LI Zehui,TAN Meijuan,ZHENG Yuanhao,LUO Yuyang,JING Qiushi,JIANG Jingkun,LI Mingjie. Application of Conductive Metal Organic Frameworks in Supercapacitors [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(7): 769-780.
[8]	CHEN Jun,MA Pei-Hua,ZHANG Cheng,Laurent RUHLMANN,LYU Yao-Kang. Preparation and Electrochemical Property of New Multifunctional Inorganic/Organic Composite Film [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(2): 217-223.
[9]	FEI Mingjie, ZHANG Renping, ZHU Guisheng, YU Zhaozhe, YAN Dongliang. Preparation and Pseudocapacitive Properties of Phosphate Ion-doped MnFe₂O₄ [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(10): 1137-1141.
[10]	DING Zhuofeng, YANG Yongqiang, LI Zaijun. Synthesis and Supercapacitor Performance of Histidine-functionalized Carbon Dots/Graphene Aerogel [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(10): 1130-1136.
[11]	LI Teng-Fei, HUANG Lu-Jun, YAN Xu-Dong, LIU Qing-Lei, GU Jia-Jun. Ti₃C₂T_x/Wood Carbon as High-areal-capacity Electrodes for Supercapacitors [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(1): 126-130.
[12]	ZHANG Tian-Yu, CUI Cong, CHENG Ren-Fei, HU Min-Min, WANG Xiao-Hui. Fabrication of Planar Porous MXene/Carbon Composite Electrodes by Simultaneous Ammonization/Carbonization [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(1): 112-118.
[13]	MA Ya-Nan, LIU Yu-Fei, YU Chen-Xu, ZHANG Chuan-Kun, LUO Shi-Jun, GAO Yi-Hua. Monolayer Ti₃C₂T_x Nanosheets with Different Lateral Dimension: Preparation and Electrochemical Property [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(1): 93-98.
[14]	Wei-Jia XU, Da-Ping QIU, Shi-Qiang LIU, Min LI, Ru YANG. Preparation of Cork-derived Porous Activated Carbon for High Performance Supercapacitors [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(6): 625-632.
[15]	Wei LIU, Kai ZHENG, Dong-Hong WANG, Yi-San LEI, Huai-Lin FAN. Co₃O₄ Nanowire Arrays@Activated Carbon Fiber Composite Materials: Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis and Its Electrochemical Application [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(5): 487-492.