增材制造柔性压电材料的现状与展望

doi:10.15541/jim20240050

无机材料学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 965-978.DOI: 10.15541/jim20240050

• 综述 • 下一篇

增材制造柔性压电材料的现状与展望

魏相霞¹(), 张晓飞¹, 徐凯龙², 陈张伟³()

1.青岛大学自动化学院, 未来研究院, 山东省工业控制技术重点实验室, 青岛 266071
2.青岛大学材料科学与工程学院, 青岛 266071
3.深圳大学增材制造研究所, 深圳 518060

收稿日期:2024-01-29 修回日期:2024-02-29 出版日期:2024-09-20 网络出版日期:2024-03-08
通讯作者: 陈张伟, 教授. E-mail: chen@szu.edu.cn
作者简介:魏相霞(1989-), 女, 助教. E-mail: xiangxia@qdu.edu.cn
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020QE040);国家自然科学基金(51975384);广东省特支计划人才项目(2021TQ05Z151)

Current Status and Prospects of Additive Manufacturing of Flexible Piezoelectric Materials

WEI Xiangxia¹(), ZHANG Xiaofei¹, XU Kailong², CHEN Zhangwei³()

1. Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Institute for Future (IFF), School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
3. Additive Manufacturing Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Received:2024-01-29 Revised:2024-02-29 Published:2024-09-20 Online:2024-03-08
Contact: CHEN Zhangwei, professor. E-mail: chen@szu.edu.cn
About author:WEI Xiangxia (1989-), female, assistant professor. E-mail: xiangxia@qdu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020QE040);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51975384);Guangdong Special Support Plan Talent Project(2021TQ05Z151)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

柔性压电材料作为一类重要的功能材料, 具有韧性好、可塑性强、轻量化等优点, 可以实现机械能和电能的相互转换, 并贴附在人体上实时获取人体或环境信息, 在运动检测、健康监测、人机交互等领域具有广阔的应用前景。为满足人们对柔性压电材料结构不断提高的要求, 增材制造技术被广泛用于制造压电材料。该技术有望突破传统压电材料加工和生产的技术瓶颈, 极大提升柔性压电产品的结构自由度和性能, 从而推动柔性压电材料应用的变革。本文在介绍压电材料分类和性能的基础上, 系统阐述了增材制造柔性压电材料的主要工艺种类, 包括熔融沉积、墨水直写、选择性激光烧结、电辅助直写、光固化和墨水喷射等; 总结了增材制造柔性压电材料的结构, 主要有多层结构、多孔结构和叉指结构; 介绍了增材制造柔性压电材料在能量收集、压电传感器、人机交互和生物工程中的应用进展; 最后总结和展望了增材制造柔性压电材料面临的挑战以及未来发展趋势。

关键词: 柔性压电材料, 增材制造, 陶瓷, 结构, 功能应用, 综述

Abstract:

As a kind of important functional material, flexible piezoelectric materials can realize the effective conversion between mechanical energy and electrical energy, with the advantages of good toughness, high plasticity and light weight. Therefore, they can be attached to the human body to obtain human or environment information in real time, which is widely used in the fields of motion detection, health monitoring, and human-computer interaction. Due to high requirements of various three-dimensional (3D) structures of the flexible piezoelectric materials, additive manufacturing has been extensively utilized to fabricate different kinds of piezoelectric materials. This technology is expected to break the bottleneck of traditional processing of piezoelectric material by improving the structural design freedom and the performance of flexible piezoelectric materials, and provides enormous potential and opportunities for the application of flexible piezoelectric materials. Based on the introduction of the classification and features of flexible piezoelectric materials, this paper explained the main additive manufacturing technologies, including fused deposition modeling, direct ink writing, selective laser sintering, electric-assisted direct writing, stereolithography, and inkjet printing that commonly used in processing these materials. Then, various structural designs, such as multi-layer structure, porous structure, and interdigital structure for the flexible piezoelectric materials produced by different additive manufacturing approaches were reviewed. Moreover, the applications of additive manufactured flexible piezoelectric materials in energy harvesting, piezoelectric sensing, human-computer interaction, and bioengineering were introduced. Finally, the challenges faced by additive manufacturing on processing flexible piezoelectric materials and the development trends in the future were summarized and prospected.

Key words: flexible piezoelectric material, additive manufacturing, ceramic, structure, functional application, review

中图分类号:

TB332

魏相霞, 张晓飞, 徐凯龙, 陈张伟. 增材制造柔性压电材料的现状与展望[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(9): 965-978.

WEI Xiangxia, ZHANG Xiaofei, XU Kailong, CHEN Zhangwei. Current Status and Prospects of Additive Manufacturing of Flexible Piezoelectric Materials[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(9): 965-978.

图/表 11

图1 增材制造柔性压电材料概况

Fig. 1 Overview of additive manufacturing of flexible piezoelectric materials (a) Amount of published papers (data from Web of Science); (b) Additive manufacturing approaches, structural design and applications of flexible piezoelectric materials

图2 压电材料分类总结

Fig. 2 Summary of classification of piezoelectric materials PVDF: Polyvinylidene fluoride; PVDF-TrFE: Polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene; PZT: Lead zirconate titanate; PMN-PT: Lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate; KNN: Potassium sodium niobate; PDMS: Polydimethylsiloxane

图3 增材制造工艺种类示意图

Fig. 3 Schematic diagrams of additive manufacturing processes (a) Fused deposition modeling[37]; (b) Direct ink writing[54] ; (c) Selective laser sintering[31]; (d) Electric-assisted direct writing [49]; (e) Stereolithography[50]; (f) Inkjet printing[53]

图4 柔性压电材料多层结构示意图

Fig. 4 Schematic diagrams of multi-layer structures of flexible piezoelectric materials (a) PVDF-TrFE composite multi-layer structures[55]; (b) Curved multi-layer piezoelectric structures[57]; (c) Rugby structures[58]

图5 柔性压电材料多孔结构示意图

Fig. 5 Schematic diagrams of porous structures of flexible piezoelectric materials (a) PVDF-TrFE/BaTiO3 porous structures[60]; (b) CNF/PDMS porous structures[61]; (c) Grid structures[62]

图6 柔性压电材料叉指结构示意图

Fig. 6 Schematic diagrams of interdigital structures of flexible piezoelectric materials (a) Alternately tilted interdigital structures[63]; (b) Pt/Ti conductive interdigital structures[64]; (c) Origami structures[65]

表1 3D打印技术制造压电能量收集器的性能比较

Table 1 Performance comparison of piezoelectric energy harvesters manufactured by 3D printing technology

Material	Filler	3D printing method	Fraction (β phase)/%	d₃₃(d₃₁)/(pC·N^-1)	Output voltage	Output current	Ref.
PVDF	BT (10%)	DIW	78	-	4 V	-	[43]
PVDF	TrFE (30%)	DIW	75-80	-	298.3 mV	-	[67]
PVDF	GR (0.03%)	DIW	61.52	d₃₃=-8.7	0.35 V	-	[70]
PVDF	GR (1.5%)	SLS	-	-	16.97 V	274 nA	[71]
PVDF	BT/Ag	SLS	-	-	10 V	142 nA	[72]
PVDF	BT/Carbon	SLS	92.2	-	5.7 V	79.8 nA	[73]
PVDF	BT (30%)	FDM	84.9	d₃₃=4.2	11.5 V	220 nA	[35]
PVDF	IL	FDM	93.3	-	8.69 V	90.8 nA	[74]
PVDF	TPPC (5%)	FDM	83.8	d₃₃=11.85	6.62 V	108.15 nA/cm²	[67]
PVDF	BT₂	FDM	95.9	-	10.9 V	126.9 nA	[75]
PVDF	IL (2%)	FDM	90	-	6 V	83 nA	[76]
PVDF	IL (15%)	FDM	97.4	-	8.2 V	300 nA	[77]
PVDF	No fillers	FDM	56.83	d₃₁=0.048	-	0.106 nA	[78]
PDMS	MWCNTs	DIW	-	d₃₃=1070	550 mV	-	[39]
PDMS	BaTiO₃	DIW	-	-	80 V	25 mA	[33]
PDMS	PNN-PZT	DIW	-	d₃₃=24	5 V	0.1 μA	[62]
PDMS	BT (80%)	DIW	-	-	45 V	2.7 μA	[40]
PVDF	TrFE	IJP	-	-	3.6 V	2.3μA	[53]

图7 3D打印柔性压电材料在能量收集中的应用

Fig. 7 Application of 3D-printed flexible piezoelectric materials in energy harvesting (a) Energy collection and illumination of LED lights by pressing with fingers[67]; (b) Application of M12N insoles[68]; (c) Piezoelectric energy harvester installed on wearable electronic devices[69]; (d) Road energy harvester[46]

图8 3D打印柔性压电材料在压电传感中的应用

Fig. 8 Application of 3D-printed flexible piezoelectric materials in piezoelectric sensing (a) Piezoelectric sensors incorporated into insoles to adapt to human movements[76]; (b) Self-powered traffic monitoring system based on PVDF[84]; (c) Schematic diagrams of wireless self-sensing boxing gloves[85]

图9 3D打印柔性压电材料在人机交互中的应用

Fig. 9 Application of 3D-printed flexible piezoelectric materials in human-computer interaction (a) Movement of the fingers translates into a change in voltage[90]; (b) Self-powered smart bracelet[91]; (c) Movements of robotic hands controlled by the movements of human hands[92]

图10 3D打印柔性压电材料在生物工程中的应用

Fig. 10 Application of 3D-printed flexible piezoelectric materials in bioengineering (a) Schematic diagram of electronic skin[93]; (b) Tissue engineering scaffold composed of PVDF/PCL[94]; (c) Piezoelectric hydrogel scaffold fabricated by 3D printing technology[95]

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增材制造柔性压电材料的现状与展望

Current Status and Prospects of Additive Manufacturing of Flexible Piezoelectric Materials

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