SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料高温环境损伤原位监测研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20230581

无机材料学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 609-622.DOI: 10.15541/jim20230581

SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料高温环境损伤原位监测研究进展

吴晓晨¹(), 郑瑞晓¹(), 李露²(), 马浩林², 赵培航¹, 马朝利²

1.北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院
2.北京航空航天大学前沿科学技术创新研究院, 北京 100191

收稿日期:2023-12-18 修回日期:2024-01-25 出版日期:2024-06-20 网络出版日期:2024-01-31
通讯作者: 郑瑞晓, 副教授. E-mail: zhengruixiao@buaa.edu.cn;
李露, 副研究员. E-mail: li_lu@buaa.edu.cn
作者简介:吴晓晨(1998-), 男, 博士研究生. E-mail: wuxiaochen@buaa.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(92060301);中国航空发动机集团产学研合作项目(HFZL2020CXY022)

Research Progress on In-situ Monitoring of Damage Behavior of SiC_f/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites at High Temperature Environments

WU Xiaochen¹(), ZHENG Ruixiao¹(), LI Lu²(), MA Haolin², ZHAO Peihang¹, MA Chaoli²

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2. Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

Received:2023-12-18 Revised:2024-01-25 Published:2024-06-20 Online:2024-01-31
Contact: ZHENG Ruixiao, associate professor. E-mail: zhengruixiao@buaa.edu.cn;
LI Lu, associate professor. E-mail: li_lu@buaa.edu.cn
About author:WU Xiaochen (1998-), male, PhD candidate. E-mail: wuxiaochen@buaa.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(92060301);Industry-University Research Cooperation Project of AECC(HFZL2020CXY022)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

连续SiC纤维增强SiC(SiC_f/SiC)复合材料具有高比强度、高比模量、耐高温、耐辐照等优点, 在先进航空发动机热端部件和核反应堆包壳等领域具有广阔的应用前景。SiC_f/SiC复合材料具有纤维、界面、基体等复杂的多尺度结构, 其服役环境苛刻、损伤失效过程复杂, 深刻理解与准确分析其在近服役环境下损伤失效模式对于材料和构件的可靠服役具有重要意义。传统的“事后分析”方法无法获取材料在复杂服役环境下的损伤失效过程数据, 因此迫切需要发展面向高温服役环境的复合材料原位表征测试技术。本文介绍了基于扫描电子显微镜、数字图像相关、显微计算机断层扫描、声发射、电阻等原位监测方法的基本原理、优势与局限性, 重点讨论了以上各种原位监测方法及多种原位监测方法联用在SiC_f/SiC复合材料高温环境力学表征中的最新研究进展。最后, 总结了SiC_f/SiC复合材料高温环境原位监测技术存在的挑战, 并对多种原位技术联用、太赫兹辐射等新型检测技术、复杂构件的损伤原位监测方法等未来发展方向进行了初步展望。

关键词: SiC_f/SiC复合材料, 原位监测, 数字图像相关, 声发射, 显微计算机断层扫描, 综述

Abstract:

Continuous SiC fiber-reinforced SiC (SiC_f/SiC) composites possess high specific strength, high specific modulus, high-temperature resistance, and radiation resistance, making them suitable for applications in hot-end parts of advanced aero-engines and claddings of nuclear reactors. SiC_f/SiC composites are composed of fibers, interfaces and matrix, endowing them with complex multi-scale structural characteristics. These composites are designed to serve in harsh environment, and their damage and failure process are complex. A profound understanding and accurate analysis of damage and failure mechanisms of SiC_f/SiC composites under service environments are of great significance for the optimized design of materials and the reliable service of components. Traditional “post-mortem analysis” methods are incapable of acquiring data during the damage and failure process of materials under complex service environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop in-situ characterization techniques for composites under high-temperature service environments. This paper reviewed the principles, advantages, and limitations of in-situ monitoring methods based on scanning electron microscopy, digital image correlation, micro computational tomography, acoustic emission, and electrical resistance. It focused on the latest research progress in the high-temperature mechanical characterization of SiC_f/SiC composites using various in-situ monitoring methods and combinations thereof. It summarized the challenges in the in-situ monitoring technologies of SiC_f/SiC composites under high-temperature environments and provided a preliminary outlook on the future development directions, such as the combined use of multiple in-situ monitoring techniques, new detection technologies like terahertz radiation, and in-situ damage monitoring methods for complex components.

Key words: SiC_f/SiC composite, in-situ monitoring, digital image correlation, acoustic emission, micro computational tomography, review

中图分类号:

TB332

吴晓晨, 郑瑞晓, 李露, 马浩林, 赵培航, 马朝利. SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料高温环境损伤原位监测研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(6): 609-622.

WU Xiaochen, ZHENG Ruixiao, LI Lu, MA Haolin, ZHAO Peihang, MA Chaoli. Research Progress on In-situ Monitoring of Damage Behavior of SiC_f/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites at High Temperature Environments[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(6): 609-622.

图/表 11

图1 二维编织SiCf/SiC复合材料DIC应变测量结果[18]

Fig. 1 DIC strain measurement results of two-dimensional woven SiCf/SiC composites[18] (a) Distribution of surface strain field; (b) Demonstration of COD determination procedure; (c) Distribution of COD at different stress levels

图2 单缺口SiCf/SiC样品在室温、1093、1204和1315 ℃单轴拉伸载荷下的全场应变图[25]

Fig. 2 Full field strain maps of single-notched SiCf/SiC samples monotonically loaded in tension at room temperature, 1093, 1204 and 1315 ℃ showing crack propagation[25]

图3 2D-SiCf/SiC复合材料中纤维断裂的演化过程[31]

Fig. 3 Evolution process of fiber fracture in 2D-SiCf/SiC composites[31]

图4 2.5D-SiCf/SiC复合材料拉伸载荷下纬纱微区的应变演变情况

Fig. 4 Strain evolution of the micro-zone in weft yarn under tensile load in 2.5D-SiCf/SiC composites (a) Elevated-temperature in-situ micro-loading stage; (b) SEM equipment; (c) Distribution of speckles on the surface of the sample at the weft yarn; (d) Evolution process of strain cloud map in the microzone within the weft yarn of the composite specimen

图5 基于实验室X射线源开发的高温原位Lab-μ-CT设备[46]

Fig. 5 High-temperature in -situ Lab-μ-CT device developed by using a laboratory X-ray source[46] (a) Schematic diagram of the elevated-temperature in-situ μ-CT apparatus; (b) Schematic of the dynamic seal structure; (c) Schematic of the heating chamber with the specimen mounted in grips

图6 用于定量分析超高温真空环境下的SiCf/SiC复合材料内部裂纹和损伤演变过程的SR-μ-CT超高温原位拉伸/压缩试验台[49]

Fig. 6 SR-μ-CT in -situ tensile/compression test rig to quantitatively analyze the internal matrix crack and damage evolution of SiCf/SiC composites under ultrahigh temperature[49] (a) Schematic illustration of in-situ ultrahigh temperature tensile test rig for synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography; (b) Sectional view of the heating chamber illustrating X-ray transmission path through the heating chamber and sample; (c) Schematic of the rig in transmission mode for X-ray computed tomography; (d, e) 3D volume-rendered µ-CT images from specimens tested at (d) room temperature and (e) 1750 ℃ at several applied tensile loads

图7 (a) AE原理示意图, (b) 典型时域波形信号及描述符和 (c) 典型频域波形信号及描述符[59]

Fig. 7 (a) Schematic diagram of AE, and typical AE waveform with main discriptors in (b) time domain and (c) frequency domain[59]

图8 (a) 用波导杆对CMC进行高温力学试验AE原位监测[59]和(b) 循环加热和冷却试验用波导丝进行AE原位监测的实验装置示意图[68]

Fig. 8 (a) Instrumentation with waveguide rod during mechanical test on CMC at high temperature[59]and (b) schematic of the experimental set-up for cyclic heating and cooling tests and AE measurements using waveguide wire[68]

图9 AE原位监测2D-SiCf/SiC复合材料室温、高温拉伸及高温疲劳结果

Fig. 9 In-situ AE monitoring results of 2D-SiCf/SiC composites at ambient temperature, high temperature tensile and high temperature fatigue (a) Placement of AE sensors at ambient temperature and high temperature; (b-e) Energy and cumulative energy-time diagrams after classification of AE signals (b) without and (c) with waveguides at ambient temperature tensile, and after classification of AE signals at 1350 ℃/air environment (d) tensile and (e) fatigue

图10 1315 ℃下ER原位监测高温蠕变试验[79]

Fig. 10 In-situ ER monitoring of high-temperature creep test at 1315 ℃[79] (a) Four-probe method for sample resistance wiring arrangement; (b) Arrangement of high-temperature creep equipment device; (c) Creep curve and corresponding resistance curve; (d) Physical principle diagram of resistance method for creep damage monitoring

图11 耦合AE和ER原位监测装置的红外加热高温实验装置[93]

Fig. 11 Radiation heating high-temperature experimental apparatus coupled with AE and ER in-situ monitoring devices[93]

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SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料高温环境损伤原位监测研究进展

Research Progress on In-situ Monitoring of Damage Behavior of SiC_f/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites at High Temperature Environments

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SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料高温环境损伤原位监测研究进展

Research Progress on In-situ Monitoring of Damage Behavior of SiCf/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites at High Temperature Environments

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SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料高温环境损伤原位监测研究进展

Research Progress on In-situ Monitoring of Damage Behavior of SiC_f/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites at High Temperature Environments