无机材料学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 350-356.DOI: 10.15541/jim20220386
杨佳雪1,2(), 李雯1,3, 王燕1,4(
), 朱昭捷1,4, 游振宇1,4, 李坚富1,4, 涂朝阳1,4(
)
收稿日期:
2022-07-05
修回日期:
2022-08-16
出版日期:
2021-11-16
网络出版日期:
2022-11-16
通讯作者:
王 燕, 研究员. E-mail: wy@fjirsm.ac.cn;作者简介:
杨佳雪(1995-), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: yangjiaxue@fjirsm.ac.cn
YANG Jiaxue1,2(), LI Wen1,3, WANG Yan1,4(
), ZHU Zhaojie1,4, YOU Zhenyu1,4, LI Jianfu1,4, TU Chaoyang1,4(
)
Received:
2022-07-05
Revised:
2022-08-16
Published:
2021-11-16
Online:
2022-11-16
Contact:
WANG Yan, professor. E-mail: wy@fjirsm.ac.cn;About author:
YANG Jiaxue (1995-), female, Mater candidate. E-mail: yangjiaxue@fjirsm.ac.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
近年来, 黄色激光晶体在激光显示、激光医疗、激光雷达(光探测和测距)、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、原子冷却和俘获等领域具有广泛的应用, 吸引了研究人员极大的兴趣。随着蓝光LD泵浦源的商用化, 直接泵浦Dy3+掺杂激光晶体可输出黄色激光, 对应4F9/2→6H13/2跃迁。本工作采用提拉法生长了Dy3+掺杂浓度分别为0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%和4.0%(原子分数)的Dy3+: Y3Al5O12(Dy:YAG)晶体, 并分析了晶体开裂的原因。基于Judd-Ofelt理论计算了J-O强度参数, 并利用其评估了不同掺杂浓度的Dy:YAG晶体的其它激光参数。综合讨论了Dy3+掺杂浓度对荧光分支比、受激发射截面、量子效率等光谱性能的影响。在五个晶体样品中, 1.0%Dy: YAG晶体在447 nm激发下实现了582 nm最大的受激发射截面值和最强的荧光强度值, 荧光寿命较长, 达到0.823 ms。与之相比, 2.0%Dy: YAG晶体发射参数值略低, 但是其吸收系数更大。研究结果表明, 激光二极管泵浦的Dy:YAG黄色激光晶体中Dy3+离子的浓度为1.0%和2.0%较为合适, 并基于2.0%Dy: YAG晶体实现了连续黄色激光输出, 最大功率为166.8 μW, 激光峰值波长为582.5 nm。
中图分类号:
杨佳雪, 李雯, 王燕, 朱昭捷, 游振宇, 李坚富, 涂朝阳. Dy3+: Y3Al5O12晶体的光谱与黄色激光性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(3): 350-356.
YANG Jiaxue, LI Wen, WANG Yan, ZHU Zhaojie, YOU Zhenyu, LI Jianfu, TU Chaoyang. Spectroscopic and Yellow Laser Features of Dy3+: Y3Al5O12 Single Crystals[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(3): 350-356.
Crystal | c/% (in atomic) | keff | Nc/cm-3 | α/cm-1 | σabs/cm2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5% Dy: YAG | 0.239 | 0.478 | 3.31×1019 | 0.055 | 1.66×10-21 |
1.0% Dy: YAG | 0.479 | 0.479 | 6.61×1019 | 0.103 | 1.56×10-21 |
2.0% Dy: YAG | 0.970 | 0.485 | 1.33×1020 | 0.215 | 1.61×10-21 |
3.0% Dy: YAG | 1.427 | 0.475 | 1.95×1020 | 0.338 | 1.73×10-21 |
4.0% Dy: YAG | 1.975 | 0.494 | 2.69×1020 | 0.430 | 1.60×10-21 |
Table 1 Concentration, effective segregation coefficient and absorption cross-section of Dy3+ in YAG crystal
Crystal | c/% (in atomic) | keff | Nc/cm-3 | α/cm-1 | σabs/cm2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5% Dy: YAG | 0.239 | 0.478 | 3.31×1019 | 0.055 | 1.66×10-21 |
1.0% Dy: YAG | 0.479 | 0.479 | 6.61×1019 | 0.103 | 1.56×10-21 |
2.0% Dy: YAG | 0.970 | 0.485 | 1.33×1020 | 0.215 | 1.61×10-21 |
3.0% Dy: YAG | 1.427 | 0.475 | 1.95×1020 | 0.338 | 1.73×10-21 |
4.0% Dy: YAG | 1.975 | 0.494 | 2.69×1020 | 0.430 | 1.60×10-21 |
6H15/2 → | n | 0.5%Dy: YAG | 1.0%Dy: YAG | 2.0%Dy: YAG | 3.0%Dy: YAG | 4.0%Dy: YAG | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sexp/ (×10-20, cm2) | Scal/ (×10-20, cm2) | Sexp/ (×10-20, cm2) | Scal/ (×10-20, cm2) | Sexp/ (×10-20, cm2) | Scal/ (×10-20, cm2) | Sexp/ (×10-20, cm2) | Scal/ (×10-20, cm2) | Sexp/ (×10-20, cm2) | Scal/ (×10-20, cm2) | ||||||||
4M17/2+6P3/2+ 4G9/2+4I9/2 | 327 | 1.89 | 0.447 | 0.298 | 0.460 | 0.320 | 0.526 | 0.323 | 0.498 | 0.327 | 0.467 | 0.341 | |||||
6P7/2+4I11/2 | 353 | 1.88 | 0.905 | 0.723 | 1.128 | 0.850 | 1.371 | 1.182 | 1.719 | 1.454 | 1.648 | 1.403 | |||||
6P5/2+4M19/2 | 367 | 1.87 | 0.733 | 0.474 | 0.806 | 0.511 | 0.907 | 0.525 | 0.898 | 0.540 | 0.918 | 0.560 | |||||
4K17/2+4M21/2+ 4I13/2+4F7/2 | 387 | 1.86 | 0.651 | 0.729 | 0.723 | 0.793 | 0.801 | 0.854 | 0.851 | 0.908 | 0.873 | 0.925 | |||||
4I15/2 | 451 | 1.85 | 0.257 | 0.178 | 0.253 | 0.191 | 0.187 | 0.191 | 0.213 | 0.192 | 0.227 | 0.199 | |||||
6F3/2 | 755 | 1.82 | 0.217 | 0.158 | 0.189 | 0.170 | 0.202 | 0.171 | 0.225 | 0.173 | 0.205 | 0.181 | |||||
6F5/2 | 804 | 1.82 | 1.083 | 0.909 | 1.140 | 0.975 | 1.266 | 0.983 | 1.252 | 0.996 | 1.228 | 1.039 | |||||
6F7/2 | 908 | 1.82 | 2.07 | 2.057 | 2.361 | 2.226 | 2.243 | 2.328 | 2.462 | 2.426 | 2.565 | 2.502 | |||||
6H7/2+6F9/2 | 1088 | 1.81 | 2.577 | 2.741 | 2.74 | 3.022 | 3.249 | 3.403 | 3.480 | 3.731 | 3.528 | 3.767 | |||||
RMS/(×10-20, cm2) | 0.180 | 0.230 | 0.237 | 0.246 | 0.226 | ||||||||||||
Ωt(t=2, 4, 6)/(×10-20, cm2) | Ω2=0.793 Ω4=1.284 Ω6=2.634 | Ω2=0.747 Ω4=1.520 Ω6=2.825 | Ω2=0.498 Ω4=2.155 Ω6=2.848 | Ω2=0.312 Ω4=2.674 Ω6=2.887 | Ω2=0.142 Ω4=2.573 Ω6=3.011 |
Table 2 Experimental line strength, calculated line strength, and J-O intensity parameters of Dy: YAG crystals
6H15/2 → | n | 0.5%Dy: YAG | 1.0%Dy: YAG | 2.0%Dy: YAG | 3.0%Dy: YAG | 4.0%Dy: YAG | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sexp/ (×10-20, cm2) | Scal/ (×10-20, cm2) | Sexp/ (×10-20, cm2) | Scal/ (×10-20, cm2) | Sexp/ (×10-20, cm2) | Scal/ (×10-20, cm2) | Sexp/ (×10-20, cm2) | Scal/ (×10-20, cm2) | Sexp/ (×10-20, cm2) | Scal/ (×10-20, cm2) | ||||||||
4M17/2+6P3/2+ 4G9/2+4I9/2 | 327 | 1.89 | 0.447 | 0.298 | 0.460 | 0.320 | 0.526 | 0.323 | 0.498 | 0.327 | 0.467 | 0.341 | |||||
6P7/2+4I11/2 | 353 | 1.88 | 0.905 | 0.723 | 1.128 | 0.850 | 1.371 | 1.182 | 1.719 | 1.454 | 1.648 | 1.403 | |||||
6P5/2+4M19/2 | 367 | 1.87 | 0.733 | 0.474 | 0.806 | 0.511 | 0.907 | 0.525 | 0.898 | 0.540 | 0.918 | 0.560 | |||||
4K17/2+4M21/2+ 4I13/2+4F7/2 | 387 | 1.86 | 0.651 | 0.729 | 0.723 | 0.793 | 0.801 | 0.854 | 0.851 | 0.908 | 0.873 | 0.925 | |||||
4I15/2 | 451 | 1.85 | 0.257 | 0.178 | 0.253 | 0.191 | 0.187 | 0.191 | 0.213 | 0.192 | 0.227 | 0.199 | |||||
6F3/2 | 755 | 1.82 | 0.217 | 0.158 | 0.189 | 0.170 | 0.202 | 0.171 | 0.225 | 0.173 | 0.205 | 0.181 | |||||
6F5/2 | 804 | 1.82 | 1.083 | 0.909 | 1.140 | 0.975 | 1.266 | 0.983 | 1.252 | 0.996 | 1.228 | 1.039 | |||||
6F7/2 | 908 | 1.82 | 2.07 | 2.057 | 2.361 | 2.226 | 2.243 | 2.328 | 2.462 | 2.426 | 2.565 | 2.502 | |||||
6H7/2+6F9/2 | 1088 | 1.81 | 2.577 | 2.741 | 2.74 | 3.022 | 3.249 | 3.403 | 3.480 | 3.731 | 3.528 | 3.767 | |||||
RMS/(×10-20, cm2) | 0.180 | 0.230 | 0.237 | 0.246 | 0.226 | ||||||||||||
Ωt(t=2, 4, 6)/(×10-20, cm2) | Ω2=0.793 Ω4=1.284 Ω6=2.634 | Ω2=0.747 Ω4=1.520 Ω6=2.825 | Ω2=0.498 Ω4=2.155 Ω6=2.848 | Ω2=0.312 Ω4=2.674 Ω6=2.887 | Ω2=0.142 Ω4=2.573 Ω6=3.011 |
4F9/2→2S+1LJ | 0.5%Dy: YAG | 1.0%Dy: YAG | 2.0%Dy: YAG | 3.0%Dy: YAG | 4.0%Dy: YAG | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A/s-1 | β/% | A/s-1 | β/% | A/s-1 | β/% | A/s-1 | β/% | A/s-1 | β/% | |
6F1/2 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.02 |
6F3/2 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.02 |
6F5/2 | 1.82 | 0.20 | 1.81 | 0.19 | 1.54 | 0.15 | 1.34 | 0.13 | 1.05 | 0.10 |
6F7/2 | 13.63 | 1.49 | 14.26 | 1.46 | 7.29 | 1.53 | 8.21 | 1.58 | 8.18 | 1.57 |
6H5/2 | 4.02 | 0.44 | 4.58 | 0.47 | 5.78 | 0.58 | 6.78 | 0.66 | 6.67 | 0.65 |
6H7/2 +6F9/2 | 54.73 | 5.96 | 59.10 | 6.04 | 49.39 | 6.71 | 56.13 | 7.19 | 55.44 | 7.10 |
6H9/2 | 17.78 | 1.94 | 18.84 | 1.93 | 15.42 | 1.98 | 16.34 | 2.02 | 16.13 | 1.99 |
6H11/2 | 43.30 | 4.72 | 44.21 | 4.52 | 25.93 | 4.26 | 24.99 | 4.06 | 23.05 | 3.85 |
6H13/2 | 456.91 | 49.79 | 483.85 | 49.46 | 482.81 | 48.22 | 486.21 | 47.34 | 479.08 | 46.58 |
6H15/2 | 325.23 | 35.44 | 351.44 | 35.92 | 365.79 | 36.54 | 379.80 | 36.98 | 392.16 | 38.13 |
τr/ms | 1.090 | 1.022 | 0.999 | 0.974 | 0.972 |
Table 3 Spontaneous emission transition rate (A) and fluorescence branching ratio (β) of Dy: YAG crystals
4F9/2→2S+1LJ | 0.5%Dy: YAG | 1.0%Dy: YAG | 2.0%Dy: YAG | 3.0%Dy: YAG | 4.0%Dy: YAG | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A/s-1 | β/% | A/s-1 | β/% | A/s-1 | β/% | A/s-1 | β/% | A/s-1 | β/% | |
6F1/2 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.02 |
6F3/2 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.02 |
6F5/2 | 1.82 | 0.20 | 1.81 | 0.19 | 1.54 | 0.15 | 1.34 | 0.13 | 1.05 | 0.10 |
6F7/2 | 13.63 | 1.49 | 14.26 | 1.46 | 7.29 | 1.53 | 8.21 | 1.58 | 8.18 | 1.57 |
6H5/2 | 4.02 | 0.44 | 4.58 | 0.47 | 5.78 | 0.58 | 6.78 | 0.66 | 6.67 | 0.65 |
6H7/2 +6F9/2 | 54.73 | 5.96 | 59.10 | 6.04 | 49.39 | 6.71 | 56.13 | 7.19 | 55.44 | 7.10 |
6H9/2 | 17.78 | 1.94 | 18.84 | 1.93 | 15.42 | 1.98 | 16.34 | 2.02 | 16.13 | 1.99 |
6H11/2 | 43.30 | 4.72 | 44.21 | 4.52 | 25.93 | 4.26 | 24.99 | 4.06 | 23.05 | 3.85 |
6H13/2 | 456.91 | 49.79 | 483.85 | 49.46 | 482.81 | 48.22 | 486.21 | 47.34 | 479.08 | 46.58 |
6H15/2 | 325.23 | 35.44 | 351.44 | 35.92 | 365.79 | 36.54 | 379.80 | 36.98 | 392.16 | 38.13 |
τr/ms | 1.090 | 1.022 | 0.999 | 0.974 | 0.972 |
Fig. 3 Emission spectra of YAG crystals with different Dy3+ concentrations excited by 447 nm (a) and variation of intensity of 582 nm and 4F9/2 level lifetime with Dy3+ concentrations in Dy: YAG crystals (b)
Crystal | τr(4F9/2 level)/ms | τ(4F9/2 level)/ms | σem for yellow emission/(×10-21, cm2) | σemτ/(×10-21, cm2∙ms) | η/% | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5%Dy: YAG | 1.090 | 0.894 | 2.36 | 2.110 | 82.02 | This work |
1.0%Dy: YAG | 1.022 | 0.823 | 2.71 | 2.230 | 80.53 | |
2.0%Dy: YAG | 0.999 | 0.688 | 2.66 | 1.830 | 68.87 | |
3.0%Dy: YAG | 0.974 | 0.571 | 2.54 | 1.450 | 58.62 | |
4.0%Dy: YAG | 0.972 | 0.471 | 2.49 | 1.170 | 48.46 | |
1.0%Dy3+: Gd3Ga3Al2O12 | 0.596 | 0.573 | 3.20 | 1.834 | 96.14 | [ |
3.0%Dy3+: Lu2O3 | 0.756 | 0.112 | 7.10 | 7.952 | 14.80 | [ |
2.0%Dy3+: CeF3 | 3.747 | 1.530 | 9.259 | 0.1417 | 40.83 | [ |
1.0%Dy3+: GdScO3 | 0.650 | 0.459 | 4.10 | 1.882 | 70.60 | [ |
2.0%Dy3+: Gd3Ga5O12 | 1.107 | 0.790 | 2.62 | 2.070 | 71.40 | [ |
2.0%Dy3+: LaF3 | 1.700 | 1.370 | 7.00 | 9.590 | 80.59 | [ |
Table 4 Emission property parameters of Dy3+ in YAG and other crystals
Crystal | τr(4F9/2 level)/ms | τ(4F9/2 level)/ms | σem for yellow emission/(×10-21, cm2) | σemτ/(×10-21, cm2∙ms) | η/% | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5%Dy: YAG | 1.090 | 0.894 | 2.36 | 2.110 | 82.02 | This work |
1.0%Dy: YAG | 1.022 | 0.823 | 2.71 | 2.230 | 80.53 | |
2.0%Dy: YAG | 0.999 | 0.688 | 2.66 | 1.830 | 68.87 | |
3.0%Dy: YAG | 0.974 | 0.571 | 2.54 | 1.450 | 58.62 | |
4.0%Dy: YAG | 0.972 | 0.471 | 2.49 | 1.170 | 48.46 | |
1.0%Dy3+: Gd3Ga3Al2O12 | 0.596 | 0.573 | 3.20 | 1.834 | 96.14 | [ |
3.0%Dy3+: Lu2O3 | 0.756 | 0.112 | 7.10 | 7.952 | 14.80 | [ |
2.0%Dy3+: CeF3 | 3.747 | 1.530 | 9.259 | 0.1417 | 40.83 | [ |
1.0%Dy3+: GdScO3 | 0.650 | 0.459 | 4.10 | 1.882 | 70.60 | [ |
2.0%Dy3+: Gd3Ga5O12 | 1.107 | 0.790 | 2.62 | 2.070 | 71.40 | [ |
2.0%Dy3+: LaF3 | 1.700 | 1.370 | 7.00 | 9.590 | 80.59 | [ |
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