功能纳米材料应用于电化学新冠病毒生物传感器的研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20220384

无机材料学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 32-42.DOI: 10.15541/jim20220384

• 专栏：抗疫生物材料（特邀编辑: 杨勇） • 上一篇下一篇

功能纳米材料应用于电化学新冠病毒生物传感器的研究进展

刘瑶¹^,²(), 尤勋海¹^,³, 赵冰¹^,³, 罗晓莹⁴(), 陈星¹^,²^,³()

1.合肥工业大学工业与装备技术研究院, 合肥 230009
2.合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥 230009
3.合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院, 合肥 230009
4.上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院上海市肿瘤研究所癌基因与相关基因国家重点实验室, 上海 200032

收稿日期:2022-07-04 修回日期:2022-08-18 出版日期:2022-09-15 网络出版日期:2022-09-15
通讯作者: 陈星, 教授. E-mail: xingchen@hfut.edu.cn;
罗晓莹, 副教授. E-mail: luoxy@shsci.org
作者简介:刘瑶(1993-), 女, 博士研究生. E-mail: 18691965261@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(SQ2021YFE011305)

Functional Nanomaterials for Electrochemical SRAS-CoV-2 Biosensors: a Review

LIU Yao¹^,²(), YOU Xunhai¹^,³, ZHAO Bing¹^,³, LUO Xiaoying⁴(), CHEN Xing¹^,²^,³()

1. Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
2. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China

Received:2022-07-04 Revised:2022-08-18 Published:2022-09-15 Online:2022-09-15
Contact: CHEN Xing, professor. E-mail: xingchen@hfut.edu.cn;
LUO Xiaoying, associate professor. E-mail: luoxy@shsci.org
About author:LIU Yao (1993-), female, PhD candidate. E-mail: 18691965261@163.com
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(SQ2021YFE011305)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新冠疫情暴发对全球公共卫生构成了巨大威胁, 病毒的快速、准确诊断对新冠疫情防控具有至关重要的作用。近年来, 以纳米材料为基础的电化学传感技术在快速、高灵敏度/高特异性分子诊断方面显示出巨大的潜力。本文简要介绍了新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的结构特征及常规检测方法, 总结了电化学生物检测相关传感特点和机制。在此基础上, 详细评述了金纳米材料、氧化物纳米材料、碳基纳米材料等为基础的电化学传感器用于快速、准确检测新冠病毒的研究进展。最后, 展望了基于电化学传感技术在未来生物分子诊断中的应用。

关键词: SARS-CoV-2, 电化学生物传感器, 纳米材料, 快速诊断, 综述

Abstract:

The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has posed a threat to public health globally, and rapid and accurate identification of the viruses is crucial for controlling COVID-19. In recent years, nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing techniques hold immense potential for molecular diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we briefly introduced the structural characteristics and routine detection methods of SARS-CoV-2, then summarized the associated properties and mechanisms of the electrochemical biosensing methods. On the above basis, the research progress of electrochemical biosensors based on gold nanomaterials, oxide nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials and other nanomaterials for rapid and accurate detection of virus were reviewed. Finally, the future applications of nanomaterial-based biosensors for biomolecular diagnostics were pointed out.

Key words: SARS-CoV-2, electrochemical biosensor, nanomaterial, rapid detection, review

中图分类号:

TQ174

刘瑶, 尤勋海, 赵冰, 罗晓莹, 陈星. 功能纳米材料应用于电化学新冠病毒生物传感器的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(1): 32-42.

LIU Yao, YOU Xunhai, ZHAO Bing, LUO Xiaoying, CHEN Xing. Functional Nanomaterials for Electrochemical SRAS-CoV-2 Biosensors: a Review[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(1): 32-42.

图/表 8

图1 SARS-CoV-2的结构

Fig. 1 Structure of SARS-CoV-2

表1 SARS-CoV-2检测方法比较

Table 1 Comparison of detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection

Detection method	Time/h	Advantage	Disadvantage
Reverse transcrition-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)	4-6	High sensitivity and reliability Low cost Versatility in sample types	Special instruments Complicated operation Time-consuming
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)	1-3	Simple operation Low price Fast detection	Low specificity Suitability only for the late stage of the disease
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)	<1	Simple construction Good repeatability	Specialized SERS active substrates
Electrochemical detection	<1	Lower cost Simpler construction Higher speciﬁcity Relatively lower sensitivity	Lower clinical trial accuracy

图2 基于金纳米材料构建的电化学生物传感器检测新冠病毒的应用

Fig. 2 Electrochemical biosensors based on gold nanomaterials for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 (a) Schematic diagram of probe DNA fixation and target nucleotide hybridization on gold electrode[46]; (b) SEM images of 3D gold nanoneedle structures[47];(c-e) Square wave stripping voltammetric response and corresponding calibration plots of 3D gold nanoneedle modified electrode toward S and ORF1ab genes[47]; (f) SEM and (g) TEM images of PEDOT/AuNPs/AG[48]; (h-i) Nyquist plots and corresponding calibration plots of the PEDOT/AuNPs/AG/BSA modiﬁed electrode toward different positive serum concentrations[48]

图3 基于金属氧化物纳米材料构建的电化学传感器检测SARS-CoV-2的应用

Fig. 3 Metal oxide nanomaterials used in electrochemical sensors to detect SARS-CoV-2 (a) Schematic of portable electrochemical biosensor based on probe recognition technology for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA[6]; (b) DPV curves for different concentrations of artificial target for the SARS-CoV-2 biosensor[6]; (c) Resulting calibration plot for lgC vs. DPV response signals[6]; (d) SEM image of the Co-functionalized TNTs[49]; (e) Amperometry response curves of Co-TNT on SARS-CoV-2 S protein of different concentrations[49]; (f) Amperometry response curves of Co-TNT sensor upon exposure to SARS-CoV-2 S protein of different concentrations[49]; (g) FESEM image of antibodies being deposited on ZnO/rGO[5]; (h-i) Nyquist plots and corresponding calibration curve of the ZnO/rGO modified electrode towards N-protein[5] ; Colorful figures are available on website

图4 基于碳纳米材料的电化学生物传感器检测SARS-CoV-2的应用

Fig. 4 Electrochemical biosensors based on carbon nanomaterials for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 (a) Schematic diagram of CBs modified SPE for SARS-CoV-2 detection[50]; (b, c) Electrochemical response signal and corresponding calibration curves of the CBs modified SPE towards S (b) and N (c) protein[50]; (d) Preparation process and SEM image of functionalized carbon nanofiber (CNF) [51]; (e, f) Square wave voltammetric respond (e) and corresponding calibration curves (f) of the the functionalized CNF modified electrode towards nucleocapsid protein at different concentrations[51]; CBs: Carbon black nanomaterials; SPE: Screen printing electrodes; EDC/NHS: 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydro/N-Hydroxy succinimide; Colorful figures are available on website

图5 石墨烯纳米复合材料在新冠病毒检测中的应用

Fig. 5 Graphene nanocomposites used in electrochemical sensors to detect SARS-CoV-2 (a) Schematic diagram of functionalized graphene connected to the corresponding bioreceptors by covalent bonds[52]; (b, c) DPV respond (b) and Nyquist diagram (c) of the electrode at different steps[52]; (d) Surface modification process of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets by carboxyl functionalization[55]; (e) Continuous detection of neo-coronavirus S protein after sensor regeneration[55]. CAb: Capture antibody; DAb: Detector antibody; PI: Polyimide; BSA: Bovine serum albumin: PBA: 1-Pyrenebutyric acid; Fc: Fragment crystallizable; Fab: Fragment of antigen binding; M: mol/L; Colorful figures are available on website

图6 纸基电化学传感器检测SARS-CoV-2的抗体[59]

Fig. 6 Paper-based electrochemical biosensor for diagnosing COVID-19[59] (a) Schematic illustration of the detection procedure of COVID-19; (b) SEM image of the corresponding cross-sectional of GO modified paper; (c, d) Square wave stripping voltammetric responses of SARS-CoV-2 IgG (c) and IgM (d) at different concentrations; (e) linear relationship between Δ current vs logarithmic concentration of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM and their corresponding relationships between Δ current and concentration of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM; Colorful figures are available on website

表2 不同纳米材料构建的电化学传感器检测SARS-CoV-2的性能对比

Table 2 Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection performance of electrochemical sensors constructed from different nanomaterials

Material	Method	Detecting object	Limit of detection	Ref.
AuNPs	i-t	RNA or cDNA	N/A	[46]
Gold nanoneedle	SWV	S gene Orf1ab gene	5.0×10^-18g·μL^-16.8×10^-18g·μL^-1	[47]
AuNPs/PEDOT	EIS	Positive and negative serum sample	N/A	[48]
Au@Fe₃O₄/rGO	DPV	RNA	3×10^-18mol·L^-1	[6]
Co-TiO₂ nanotubes	i-t	RBD	7×10^-10 mol·L^-1	[49]
ZnO/rGO	EIS	N protein antigens	2×10^-14g·mL^-1	[5]
Carbon black nanomaterial	LSV	S protein N protein	1.9×10^-8g·mL^-18×10^-9g·mL^-1	[50]
Laser-engraved graphene	LSV	N-protein, S1-IgM S1-IgG C-reactive protein	N/A	[61]
AuNPs/rGO	EIS	S1 protein RBD antibodies	2.8×10^-15 mol·L^-11.69×10^-14 mol·L^-1	[55]
SiO₂@UiO-66	EIS	S protein	1×10^-13g·mL^-1	[57]
GO	SWV	IgG IgM	9.6×10^-10g·mL^-11.4×10^-10g·mL^-1	[59]
Au@Pt/MIL-5(Al)	DPV	N-protein	8.33×10^-12g·mL^-1	[58]

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功能纳米材料应用于电化学新冠病毒生物传感器的研究进展

Functional Nanomaterials for Electrochemical SRAS-CoV-2 Biosensors: a Review

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