基于改进遗传算法的C/SiC拉伸损伤声发射模式识别

doi:10.15541/jim20190213

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用层次聚类及基于改进遗传算法的无监督模式识别方法, 对2D-C/SiC复合材料常温拉伸试验过程的声发射数据进行分析, 结合试样断口的扫描电镜(SEM)照片, 得到拉伸过程中5类损伤模式及其典型声发射特征参数。通过对各类损伤的能量分布、累计事件数和累计能量的分析, 研究C/SiC复合材料的损伤演化过程, 发现其过程可分为基体微裂纹和界面失效为主的初始损伤阶段、基体微裂纹停滞导致层间剥离及纤维失效占主导地位的裂纹饱和阶段、基体长裂纹和界面失效为主的损伤积累发展阶段和纤维束大量失效的宏观断裂阶段。

关键词: C/SiC, 声发射, 改进遗传算法, 无监督聚类, 损伤

Abstract:

The acoustic emission data collected during room temperature tensile test of 2D-C/SiC composites were analyzed by hierarchical clustering and unsupervised pattern recognition method based on an improved genetic algorithm. Combined with the SEM observation on the fracture surface, five damage modes were identified and their typical acoustic emission characteristics were obtained. According to the analysis of energy distribution, cumulative event number and cumulative energy of different damage modes, the damage evolution process of C/SiC composites can be divided into four stages. The first stage (damage initiation stage) shows mainly matrix microcracks and interface debonding. In the second stage, matrix crack reaches saturated and then causes a considerable quantity of interlaminar delamination and fiber failure. The third stage is a gradual damage development stage and all kinds of damage keep occurring except the breakage of fiber bundles. In the last stage, a large amount of fiber bundles break and the sample eventually fails.

Key words: C/SiC, acoustic emission, improved genetic algorithm, unsupervised clustering, damage

中图分类号:

TB332

张勇祯, 童小燕, 姚磊江, 李斌, 白国栋. 基于改进遗传算法的C/SiC拉伸损伤声发射模式识别[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(5): 593-600.

ZHANG Yongzhen, TONG Xiaoyan, YAO Leijiang, LI Bin, BAI Guodong. Acoustic Emission Pattern Recognition on Tensile Damage Process of C/SiC Composites Using an Improved Genetic Algorithm[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(5): 593-600.

图/表 11

图1 拉伸试样示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic drawing of the tensile specimen

图2 基于改进遗传算法聚类流程图

Fig. 2 Cluster analysis process based on the improved genetic algorithm

图3 应力-应变曲线及声发射信号能量分布

Fig. 3 Stress-strain curve and energy distribution of acoustic emission signal in tensile process

图4 声发射信号参数相关树状图

Fig. 4 Correlation dendrogram of the AE features

图5 CH指标和DB指标随K值变化曲线

Fig. 5 CH&DB index change curves with K value of C/SiC specimen

图6 声发射信号聚类结果分布

Fig. 6 Distribution of clustering results of acoustic emission signals

图7 试样的断口SEM照片

Fig. 7 Fracture SEM images of specimen (a) Interlaminar delamination; (b) Fiber bundle breakage; (c) Fiber breakage & PyC interface failure; (d) Matrix cracking

表1 聚类中心声发射参数值

Table 1 Numerical values of the clustering centers

Cluster	Count	Energy/ (mV·ms)	Amplitude/ mV	Average frequency/ kHz	Damage mode
1	182	28	63	112	Matrix cracking
2	596	90	71	136	Interface failure
3	303	42	66	189	Fiber breakage
4	1463	237	77	167	Interlaminar delamination
5	10703	1628	82	188	Fiber bundle breakage

图8 累积能量随应变和时间的变化

Fig. 8 Accumulated energy with strain and time

图9 累积事件数随应变和时间的变化

Fig. 9 Accumulated number of AE events with strain and time

图10 拉伸过程中各类损伤的能量分布

Fig. 10 Energy distributions of different damage modes during the tensile test (a) Matrix cracking; (b) Interface debonding; (c) Fiber breakage;(d) Interlaminar delamination; (e) Fiber bundle breakage

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