碳纤维预制体结构对C/C复合材料及其螺栓力学性能的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20190155

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以2D碳纤维预制体为增强体, 采用电耦合和等温化学气相渗联合工艺制备C/C复合材料, 研究不同预制体结构对C/C复合材料及其螺栓力学性能的影响。结果表明, 不同预制体结构增强的C/C复合材料表现出不同的力学行为。对于针刺结构, 随着针刺密度由35 pin/cm ²降至25 pin/cm ², C/C复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度分别由60.1、119.9 MPa增大至69.5、176.8 MPa; 随着碳纱丝束由12 K变为3 K, C/C复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度分别由69.5、176.8 MPa增大至105.5、184.4 MPa。对于12 K双向缝合结构, C/C复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度分别为68.1、123.7 MPa。不同碳纤维预制体结构增强的C/C复合材料力学性能的差异主要取决于长纤维的完整性、大孔的分布和数量等因素。C/C复合材料的螺栓性能由于体材料性能和加工过程中缺陷的影响, 其拉伸强度略低于其体材料, 并表现出更为明显的脆性断裂模式。

关键词: C/C复合材料, 预制体结构, 力学性能, 螺栓

Abstract:

The C/C composites reinforced by 2D-preforms were fabricated using an electro-coupling chemical vapor infiltration (E-CVI) technique. The effects of different preform's structure on the mechanical properties of C/C and their bolts were investigated. The results show that the C/C composites reinforced by different preforms parameters exhibit different mechanical behaviors. For needle-punched preforms, as the needle-punched density decreasing from 35 pin/cm ² to 25 pin/cm ², the tensile and flexural strengths of C/C composites increased from 60.1, 119.9 MPa to 69.5, 176.8 MPa, respectively. With the carbon yarn tow changing from 12 K to 3 K, the tensile and flexural strengths of C/C composites increased from 69.5, 176.8 MPa to 105.5, 184.4 MPa, respectively. For bidirectional stitched preforms, the tensile and flexural strengths of C/C composites are 68.1 and 123.7 MPa, respectively. The different mechanical behaviors is mainly attributed to structural integrity of long fibers, and the distribution and quantity of large pores. The mechanical properties of bolts are impacted by their bulk materials and surface status, which are slightly lower than those of their counterparts.

Key words: C/C composites, preform structure, mechanical properties, bolts

中图分类号:

TG174

庞生洋, 王佩瑶, 胡成龙, 赵日达, 汤素芳. 碳纤维预制体结构对C/C复合材料及其螺栓力学性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(12): 1272-1278.

PANG Sheng-Yang, WANG Pei-Yao, HU Cheng-Long, ZHAO Ri-Da, TANG Su-Fang. Carbon Fiber Preform's Structure on Mechanical Property of C/C Composites and Bolts[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(12): 1272-1278.

图/表 11

表1 不同预制体结构增强的C/C复合材料的相关参数

Table 1 Parameters of C/C composites reinforced by different preforms

Sample	Carbon yarn tows/K	Structure type	Needling density /(pin?cm^-2)	Density /(g?cm^-3)
A	12	Needle-punched	35	1.76
B	12	Needle-punched	25	1.78
C	6	Needle-punched	25	1.73
D	3	Needle-punched	25	1.76
E	12	Bidirectional stitched	-	1.76

图1 不同针刺密度预制体增强C/C复合材料的微观结构

Fig. 1 Microstructures of C/C composites reinforced by preforms with different needle-punched densities (a) 35 pin?cm-2; (b) 25 pin?cm-2

图2 不同碳纱丝束针刺预制体增强C/C复合材料的SEM照片

Fig. 2 Microstructures of C/C composites reinforced by 2D needle-punched structure with different carbon yarn tows (a) 12 K; (b) 6 K; (c) 3 K

图3 针刺(a)、双向缝合(b)预制体增强C/C复合材料的SEM照片

Fig. 3 Microstructures of C/C composites reinforced by (a) needle-punched and (b) bidirectional stitched preforms

表2 不同预制体结构参数增强C/C复合材料及其螺栓的力学性能

Table 2 Mechanical property of C/C composites reinforced by different preform parameters and their bolts

Sample	Carbon yarn tow/K	Structure type	Needling density /(pin?cm^-2)	Tensile strength of C/C/MPa	Flexural strength of C/C/MPa	Tensile strength of bolts/MPa
A	12	Needle-punched	35	(60.1±3)	(119.9±5)	(52.8±3)
B	12	Needle-punched	25	(69.5±4)	(176.8±7)	(64.9±3)
C	6	Needle-punched	25	(80.2±3)	(177.2±5)	(78.9±4)
D	3	Needle-punched	25	(105.5±5)	(184.4±5)	(95.3±5)
E	12	Bidirectional stitched	-	(68.1±3)	(123.7±3)	(54.5±4)

图4 不同预制体结构增强的C/C复合材料的拉伸-位移曲线

Fig. 4 Tensile stress-displacement curves of C/C composites reinforced by different preforms

图5 三种预制体增强C/C复合材料拉伸断口的SEM照片

Fig. 5 Tensile fracture morphologies of C/C composites reinforced by different preforms (a) 12 K needling (Sample A); (b) 6 K needling (Sample C); (c) 12 K bidirectional stitching (Sample E)

图6 不同预制体结构增强的C/C复合材料的弯曲应力-位移曲线

Fig. 6 Flexural stress-displacement curves of C/C composites reinforced by different preforms

图7 C/C复合材料螺栓中螺牙的典型形貌

Fig. 7 Typical morphology of C/C composite bolt

图8 不同预制体结构增强的C/C复合材料螺栓的拉伸位移曲线

Fig. 8 Tensile stress-displacement curves of C/C composite bolts madc from different performs

图9 针刺(a)和双向缝合(b)预制体增强C/C复合材料螺栓的拉伸断口SEM照片

Fig. 9 Tensile fracture morphologies of C/C composite bolts reinforced by (a) needle-punched and (b) bidirectional stitched performs

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