SmB6单晶纳米结构的可控制备及场发射特性研究

doi:10.15541/jim20190070

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为一种典型的近藤拓扑绝缘体, 近年来六硼化钐(SmB₆)材料受到了凝聚态物理和材料科学领域研究者的广泛关注。与块体材料相比, SmB₆纳米材料由于具有更大的比表面积而拥有更为丰富的表面电子态, 因此被认为是一个研究表面量子效应和物理机制的理想平台。由于场发射电流主要来源于纳米材料的表面态, 所以研究SmB₆纳米材料的场发射特性可以为研究其表面量子特性提供有益的参考。本研究利用化学气相沉积法, 通过控制实验条件在硅衬底上分别实现了SmB₆纳米带和纳米线薄膜的生长。研究结果表明: 所制备的SmB₆纳米线和纳米带分别为沿着[100]和[110]方向生长的立方单晶结构。场发射特性的测试结果发现: SmB₆纳米带薄膜的开启电场为3.24 V/μm, 最大电流密度达到了466.16 μA/cm ², 其场发射性能要优于纳米线薄膜。同时考虑到SmB₆拥有很低的电子亲和势、高电导率和丰富的表面电子态, 所以若可以进一步提高其场发射特性, 那么很可能在冷阴极电子源领域有潜在应用。

关键词: 六硼化钐, 近藤拓扑绝缘体, 纳米线, 纳米带, 场致电子发射

Abstract:

Being a typical Kondo topological insulator, samarium hexaboride (SmB₆) attracts much interest in condensed physics and material sciences in recent years. In comparison with their bulk counterparts, SmB₆ nanostructures have more abundant surface electron states due to larger specific surface area, which are believed as idea platforms for studying surface quantum properties and physic mechanism. Through chemical vapor deposition (CVD), SmB₆ nanobelt and nanowire films were respectively prepared on Si substrate. Both SmB₆ nanowires and nanobelts are proven as the cubic single crystals, and their growth directions are, along [100] and [110], respectively. Field emission (FE) results show that SmB₆ nanobelts have a turn-on field of 3.24 V/μm and their maximum current density arrives at 466.16 μA/cm ², which are better than SmB₆ nanowires. Considering that SmB₆ nanostructures have lower electron affinity, higher electron conductivity and more abundant surface states, they are regarded as excellent cold cathode nanomaterials if their FE performances can be further improved.

Key words: samarium hexaboride (SmB₆), topological Kondo insulator, nanowires, nanobelts, field emission (FE)

中图分类号:

O462

张彤,黎子娟,郭泽堃,田颜,林浩坚,许宁生,陈军,邓少芝,刘飞. SmB₆单晶纳米结构的可控制备及场发射特性研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(2): 199-204.

ZHANG Tong,LI Zi-Juan,GUO Ze-Kun,TIAN Yan,LIN Hao-Jian,XU Ning-Sheng,CHEN Jun,DENG Shao-Zhi,LIU Fei. Single Crystalline SmB₆Nanostructure Arrays: Controllable Synthesis and Field Emission Property[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(2): 199-204.

图/表 6

图1 (a, b)SmB6纳米线薄膜的俯视和剖面图, (c, d)纳米带薄膜的俯视和剖面图; 插图为SmB6纳米线/纳米带放大像

Fig. 1 (a, b) Typical low- and high-resolution SEM images of the SmB6 nanowires with inset showing typical side-view image of SmB6 nanowires, and (c, d) side- and top-view images of the SmB6 nanobelts with inset in (c) showing representative high-magnification SEM image of the SmB6 nanobelt

表1 SmB6纳米线和纳米带薄膜的形貌对比

Table 1 Morphological parameters of the SmB6 nanowires and nanobelts

Morphology	Density/cm^-2	Length/μm	Mean length/μm	Mean top diameter/nm	Aspect radio	Specific surface area/μm^-1
SmB₆ nanowires	5×10⁷	20-120	47.8	108	442	18.5
SmB₆ nanobelts	4×10⁷	10-90	36.3	76	477	39.6

图2 纳米带和纳米线样品的(a)典型XRD图谱和(b) Raman光谱图

Fig. 2 (a) Typical XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of SmB6 nanobelts and nanowires

图3 (a, b) SmB6纳米带低倍和高倍的TEM照片, 图(b)中插图是其对应的SAED照片; (c, d) SmB6纳米线低倍和高倍的TEM照片, 图(d)中插图是其对应的SAED照片

Fig. 3 (a, b) Low- and high-resolution TEM images of the SmB6 nanobelt with inset in (b) showing the corresponding SAED pattern, and (c, d) low- and high-magnification TEM images of the SmB6 nanowire with inset in (d) showing the corresponding SAED pattern

图4 SmB6纳米线和纳米带的(a)J-E曲线及其对应的(b)FN曲线

Fig. 4 (a) J-E characteristics of the SmB6 nanowires and nanobelts and their corresponding (b) FN plots

表2 SmB6纳米材料与其他典型场发射阴极材料的场发射性能对比

Table 2 Comparison of field emission properies of some excellent cathode nanostructures

Material	Measurement	Areas of samples/cm²	E_on/(V·μm^-1)	J_max/(μA·cm^-2)	Field enhancement factor, β
SmB₆ nanowires	Transparent anode method	1	5	65.7	1461
SmB₆ nanobelts	Transparent anode method	1	3.24	466.16	1921
SmB₆ nanowires^[14]	Transparent anode method	0.49	6.5	306	996
SmB₆ nanopencils^[14]	Transparent anode method	0.2	6.9	237	1150
SmB₆ nanowires^[15]	Transparent anode method	0.785	2.7-4.2	-	2207-4741
LaB₆ nanowires^[8]	Transparent anode method	-	1.82	5700	1072
Carbon nanotubes^[21]	Transparent anode method	0.0038	3.2	2.184×10⁶	768-956
ZnO nanobelts^[22]	Anode probe method	-	6.6	40170	700

参考文献 22

[1]	DZERO MAXIM, SUN KAI, GALITSKI VICTOR , et al. Topological Kondo insulators. Physics Review Letters, 2010,104(10):2909-2915.
[2]	LU FENG, ZHAO JIAN-ZHOU, WENG HONG-MING , et al. Correlated topological insulators with mixed valence. Physical Review Letters, 2013,110(9):096401.
[3]	JIANG J, LI S, ZHANG T , et al. Observation of possible topological in-gap surface states in the Kondo insulator SmB₆ by photoemission. Nature Communications, 2013,4(4):3010.
[4]	KIM D J, THOMAS S, GRANT T , et al. Surface hall effect and nonlocal transport in SmB₆: evidence for surface conduction. Sci. Rep., 2013,3(11):3150.
[5]	ZHANG XIAO-HANG, BUTCH N P, SYERS P , et al. Hybridization, inter-ion correlation, and surface states in the Kondo insulator SmB₆. Phys. Rev. X, 2013,3(1):582-586.
[6]	KIM D J, XIA J, FISK Z . Topological surface state in the Kondo insulator samarium hexaboride. Nature Materials, 2014,13(5):466-470.
[7]	LI G, XIANG Z, YU F , et al. Two-dimensional Fermi surfaces in Kondo insulating SmB₆. Science, 2014,346(6214):1208-1212.
[8]	XU JUN-QI, HOU GUANG-HUA, LI HUI-QIAO , et al. Fabrication of vertically aligned single-crystalline lanthanum hexaboride nanowire arrays and investigation of their field emission. NPG Asia Materials, 2013,5(7):e53.
[9]	JI X H, ZHANG Q Y, XU J Q , et al. Rare-earth hexaborides nanostructures: recent advances in materials, characterization and investigations of physical properties. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2011,39(2):51-69.
[10]	ZHANG HAN, TANG JIE, ZHANG QI , et al. Field emission of electrons from single LaB₆ nanowires. Advanced Materials, 2010,18(1):87-91.
[11]	SURYAWANSHI SACHIN R, KANHE NILESH, MATHE VIKAS L , et al. Extraction of the very high tunneling current and extremely stable emission current from GdB₆/W‐tip source synthesized using arc plasma. Chemistryselect, 2017,2(1):562-566.
[12]	ZHAO YAN-MING, OUYANG LIU-SHENG, ZOU CHUN-YUN , et al. Field emission from single-crystalline CeB₆ nanowires. Journal of Rare Earths, 2010,28(3):424-427.
[13]	ZHANG HAN, TANG JIE, YUAN JIN-SHI , et al. An ultrabright and monochromatic electron point source made of a LaB₆ nanowire. Nature Nanotechnology, 2016,11(3):273-279.
[14]	YANG XUN, GAN HAI-BO, TIAN YAN , et al. An easy way to controllably synthesize one-dimensional SmB₆ topological insulator nanostructures and exploration of their field emission applications. Chinese Physics B, 2017,26(11):503-509.
[15]	XU J Q, ZHAO Y M, JI X H , et al. Growth of single-crystalline SmB₆ nanowires and their temperature-dependent electron field emission. Journal of Physics D Applied Physics, 2009,42(13):135403.
[16]	OGITA NORIO, NAGAI SHIINJI, OKAMOTO NAOKI , et al. Raman scattering investigation of RB₆(R = Ca, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Gd, Dy, and Yb). Phys. Rev. B, 2003,68(22):224305.
[17]	UIJTTEWAAL M A, WIJS G A DE, GROOT R A DE . Ab initio and work function and surface energy anisotropy of LaB₆. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2006,110(37):18459-18465.
[18]	AONO M, NISHITANI R, OSHIMA C , et al. LaB₆ and SmB₆(001) surfaces studied by angle-resolved XPS, LEED and ISS. Surface Science, 1979,86(JUL):631-637.
[19]	MICHAELSON HERBERT B . The work function of the elements and its periodicity. Journal of Applied Physics, 1977,48(11):4729-4733.
[20]	LIU FEI, GUO TONG-YI, XU ZHUO , et al. Controlled synthesis of patterned W₁₈O₄₉ nanowire vertical-arrays and improved field emission performance by in situ plasma treatment. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2013,1(19):3217-3225.
[21]	SUN YUN-NING, YUN KI-NAM, LETI GUILLAUME , et al. High-performance field emission of carbon nanotube paste emitters fabricated using graphite nanopowder filler. Nanotechnology, 2017,28(6):065201.
[22]	XING G Z, FANG X S, ZHANG Z , et al. Ultrathin single-crystal ZnO nanobelts: Ag-catalyzed growth and field emission property. Nanotechnology, 2010,21(25):255701.

SmB₆单晶纳米结构的可控制备及场发射特性研究

Single Crystalline SmB₆Nanostructure Arrays: Controllable Synthesis and Field Emission Property

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 22

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	阮景, 杨金山, 闫静怡, 游潇, 王萌萌, 胡建宝, 张翔宇, 丁玉生, 董绍明. 三维碳化硅纳米线增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(5): 579-584.
[2]	阮景, 杨金山, 闫静怡, 游潇, 王萌萌, 胡建宝, 张翔宇, 丁玉生, 董绍明. 碳化硅纳米线增强多孔碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的制备[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(4): 459-466.
[3]	吴秋琴, 姚奋发, 金传洪, 郑遗凡. 碳纳米管内填充生长超细一维亚化学计量比氧化钨纳米线[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(4): 413-419.
[4]	陈力驰, 王耀功, 王文江, 麻晓琴, 杨静远, 张小宁. 电催化金属辅助化学刻蚀法制备硅纳米线/多孔硅复合结构[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(6): 608-614.
[5]	祝泉, 胡建宝, 杨金山, 周海军, 董绍明. 采用定向SiC纳米线烧结制备高强多孔SiC陶瓷[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(5): 547-551.
[6]	李陇彬, 薛玉冬, 胡建宝, 杨金山, 张翔宇, 董绍明. 碳化硅纳米线增韧碳化硅纤维/碳化硅基体损伤行为研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(10): 1111-1117.
[7]	邵悦婷, 朱英杰, 董丽颖, 蔡安勇. 羟基磷灰石超长纳米线/植物纤维纳米复合“宣纸”及其防霉性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(1): 107-112.
[8]	肖昱旻, 李彬, 覃礼钊, 林华, 李庆, 廖斌. 用CuCl₂为铜源高效制备形貌可控CuGeO₃的研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(1): 69-74.
[9]	徐海丰,侯成义,张青红,李耀刚,王宏志. 碲纳米线柔性薄膜的制备及其热电性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(9): 1034-1040.
[10]	孙团伟,朱英杰. 一步溶剂热法合成锶掺杂羟基磷灰石超长纳米线[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(6): 724-728.
[11]	陶友荣,陈晋强,吴兴才. 基于单根TaON纳米带的光晶体管与紫外到近红外响应[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(9): 1004-1010.
[12]	雷超, 魏飞. 单晶α-Si₃N₄纳米线宏量制备研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(6): 667-672.
[13]	叶长辉, 顾瑜佳, 王贵欣, 毕丽丽. 银纳米线透明导电薄膜的失效机理研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(12): 1257-1264.
[14]	肖剑飞, 乃学瑛, 苟生莲, 叶俊伟, 董亚萍, 李武. 邻苯二甲酸氢钾在制备碱式硫酸镁纳米线过程中的机理研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(11): 1181-1186.
[15]	王晓, 王冉冉, 施良晶, 孙静. 铜纳米线的合成、优化及其透明电极的应用[J]. 无机材料学报, 2019, 34(1): 49-59.