硫化镍引发钢化玻璃自爆的临界尺寸及影响

doi:10.15541/jim20190082

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于变形协调关系及均强度理论, 定量计算了硫化镍相变体积膨胀对玻璃的挤压应力、因硫化镍和玻璃热膨胀系数不匹配导致的内应力及以上两者协同作用下导致的硫化镍颗粒周边的局部集中应力的影响, 分析了硫化镍直径、玻璃局部强度及环境温度对钢化玻璃自爆的影响, 确定了引发钢化玻璃自爆的硫化镍颗粒的临界直径。研究结果表明: 硫化镍颗粒周边的周向集中应力(拉应力)是导致钢化玻璃自爆的根本原因。随着硫化镍直径的增大, 其周向应力也增大, 但不呈线性关系, 当颗粒直径小于0.2 mm时, 其周向应力迅速降低, 而当颗粒直径大于0.5 mm时, 其周向应力增大幅度变缓。随着钢化玻璃表面应力的增大, 引发自爆风险的硫化镍临界直径逐渐减小, 直径小于0.1 mm的硫化镍很难引发钢化玻璃自爆。周向应力与环境温度升高呈线性增长趋势, 且大颗粒尺寸的硫化镍周向应力增长速率更快。

关键词: 钢化玻璃, 自爆, 硫化镍相变, 临界尺寸

Abstract:

Extrusion stress due to phase change of the NiS, internal stress due to CTE mismatch between the NiS and glass, and local concentrated stress around the NiS due to synergistic effects above were quantitatively calculated based on equal strength theory and the deformation coordination relation between NiS and glass in this work. The effects of NiS particle diameter, local strength of glass and ambient temperature on spontaneous breakage of tempered glass were analyzed. The critical diameter of NiS particles was determined as well. The results show that the fundamental reason for spontaneous breakage of tempered glass is the circumferential concentrated stress (tensile stress) near the NiS particle. There exists non-linear relations between circumferential stress and NiS particle diameter of which the circumferential stress decreases rapidly with the decrease of NiS particle diameter when it is less than 0.2 mm, but circumferential stress increases moderately when it is greater than 0.5 mm. The critical diameter of NiS particle which causes the spontaneous breakage of tempered glass decreases with the increase of surface stress in the tempered glass. It is difficult to induce spontaneous breakage of tempered glass when the diameter of NiS particle is less than 0.1 mm. The circumferential stress increases linearly with the increase of ambient temperature, and the stress increases slightly faster for the NiS with larger diameter.

Key words: tempered glass, spontaneous breakage, phase change of the NiS, critical size

中图分类号:

TQ174

刘小根,包亦望,万德田,孙与康. 硫化镍引发钢化玻璃自爆的临界尺寸及影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(2): 211-216.

LIU Xiao-Gen,BAO Yi-Wang,WAN De-Tian,SUN Yu-Kang. Critical Size on Spontaneous Breakage of Tempered Glass Initiated by NiS Particle[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(2): 211-216.

图/表 12

图1 钢化玻璃内部硫化镍颗粒照片

Fig. 1 Photographs of NiS particles in tempered glass (a) Enlarged photo of NiS particle in glass; (b) Glass crack around the NiS particle; (c) Photoelastic spot due to the concentration stress

图2 硫化镍颗粒相变体积膨胀变形协调关系示意图

Fig. 2 Diagram of deformation compatibility of phase change of the NiS particle

图3 硫化镍颗粒附近玻璃应力分布示意图

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of stress distribution around the NiS particle

图 4 硫化镍颗粒周边的周向应力梯度分布示意图

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of circumferential stress gradient around the NiS particle

图5 钢化玻璃钢化应力沿厚度方向分布示意图

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of tempered stress along the thickness direction of the tempered glass

表1 计算参数取值[3]

Table 1 Values of calculating parameters[3]

Calculating parameter	Value
$E_{1}$/GPa	70
$E_{2}$/GPa	70
$\mu_{1}$	0.24
$\mu_{2}$	0.27
$\alpha_{1}$	8.8×10^-6
$\alpha_{2}$	16.3×10^-6
$\phi$/%	3
$\sigma{i}$/MPa	160

表2 不同直径硫化镍颗粒的周向平均应力值

Table 2 Average circumferential stress with various diameters of the NiS particles

Diameter/mm	Stress/MPa	Diameter/mm	Stress/MPa
0.02	30.3	0.20	136.7
0.05	64.8	0.30	154.1
0.06	73.7	0.40	164.9
0.07	81.7	0.50	171.7
0.08	88.9	0.60	176.5
0.10	100.8	0.70	180.4
0.12	110.8	0.80	183.3
0.14	118.9	0.90	185.5
0.16	125.9	1.0	187.1
0.18	131.7	2.0	196.2

图6 硫化镍颗粒直径与其周向应力之间的关系曲线

Fig. 6 Relationship between the circumferential stress and diameter of the NiS particle

图7 钢化玻璃局部强度沿厚度方向的分布示意图(玻璃厚度为6 mm, 表面应力值为90 MPa)

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of local strength along the thickness direction of the tempered glass with thickness of 6 mm and surface stress of 90 Mpa

表3 不同钢化玻璃表面应力下的中性层部位局部强度值/Mpa

Table 3 Local strength at the neutral layer with different surface stress of the tempered glass/Mpa

Surface stress	40	50	60	70	80	90
Local strength	144	140	136	132	128	124
Surface stress	100	110	120	130	140	150
Local strength	120	116	112	108	104	100

图8 硫化镍直径分布与其所占比率的关系(工程现场检测统计数据)

Fig. 8 Relationship between diameter distribution and its proportion for NiS (statistical by on-site detection data)

图9 不同服役环境温度与硫化镍颗粒周边的周向应力的关系曲线

Fig. 9 Relationship between circumferential stress and service ambient temperature

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