无机材料学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 449-458.DOI: 10.15541/jim20160380
• • 下一篇
何 飞1,2, 李 亚1,2, 骆 金1,2, 方旻翰1,2, 赫晓东1,2
收稿日期:
2016-06-16
修回日期:
2016-08-30
出版日期:
2017-05-20
网络出版日期:
2017-05-02
作者简介:
何 飞(1978–), 男, 副教授. E-mail: hefei@hit.edu.cn
基金资助:
HE Fei1,2, LI Ya1,2, LUO Jin1,2, FANG Min-Han1,2, HE Xiao-Dong1,2
Received:
2016-06-16
Revised:
2016-08-30
Published:
2017-05-20
Online:
2017-05-02
About author:
HE Fei. E-mail: hefei@hit.edu.cn
摘要:
具有气凝胶结构特征的C/SiO2和C/SiC复合材料因其多样的结构存在形式和多孔、轻质、耐高温等特性, 在高温隔热、吸附、催化、储氢、光电等多种领域具有广泛的应用前景和研究价值。依据硅源与碳源的不同引入方式, 本文综述了采用共聚法、浸入法和聚合物先驱体热解法制备的具有气凝胶结构特征的C/SiO2和C/SiC复合材料的研究现状。借助碳材料与SiO2两者间的相对存在形式, 探讨了这三种工艺方法制备C/SiO2和C/SiC复合材料的工艺特点, 分析了材料所呈现的组织结构特征、合成机理和性能特点, 并对其潜在的应用前景进行了展望。硅与碳之间多样的复合方式使C/SiO2和C/SiC复合材料呈现出多样的材料特征和特性, 为相关研究开辟了新的方向。
中图分类号:
何 飞, 李 亚, 骆 金, 方旻翰, 赫晓东. 具有气凝胶结构特征的C/SiO2和C/SiC复合材料研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2017, 32(5): 449-458.
HE Fei, LI Ya, LUO Jin, FANG Min-Han, HE Xiao-Dong. Development of SiO2/C and SiC/C Composites Featuring Aerogel Structures[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2017, 32(5): 449-458.
Precursors | Temperature/ ℃ | Density/ (g•cm-3) | Ratio of porosity/ % | specific surface area/(m2•g-1) | Pore volume/ (cm3•g-1) | Average pore size/nm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PhTMS+TMOS (molar ratio=1:4)[ | as-prepared 1000 | 0.48 0.58 | - | 987 581 | - | 2.8 2.5 |
TEOS+PDMS[ | 1200 | 0.30 | - | 198.04 | 0.684 | 5.6 |
MDMS+TEOS (molar ratio=1:1)[ | as-prepared 800 | - | - | 425.5 275.0 | 1.87 - | 17.59 - |
BTEE[ | as-prepared 1000 | - | - | 1022 69 | 0.53 0.02 | - |
BTME[ | as-prepared 1000 | - | - | 867 735 | 0.74 0.36 | - |
TEOS+TBOT+PDMS[ | as-prepared 400 600 800 1000 | - | - | 1.1 300.1 515.2 283.1 1.4 | 1.7 2.8 2.7 1.7 1.1 | - |
BTEBP[ | 300 1300 1400 1500 | 0.264 0.260 0.265 0.266 | 83 91 91 91 | 1190 1050 818 796 | 0.916 0.802 0.703 0.639 | - |
MTMS+GPYMS[ | as-prepared 1000 as-prepared 1000 | 0.31 0.61 0.18 0.49 | 78 - 87 - | 464 207 618 150 | 1.24 0.98 1.07 0.52 | 11 18 7 14 |
PHMS[ | as-prepared 1000 | - | - | 227 180 | 1.37 1.09 | 52 24 |
MTES[ | as-prepared 1000 | - | - | 727 168 | 1.47 0.80 | 8.0 18.5 |
PDMS+TrEOS[ | as-prepared 1100 | - | 59-69 1.6 | 405-583 109 | - | 3.2-5.0 <2 |
MDES+TrEOS[ | as-prepared 1000 | - | 88±2 50±1 | 0.45±0.02 0.31±0.02 | - |
表1 不同硅氧烷先驱体制备的SiCO结构参数比较
Table 1 Porous parameters of SiCO prepared by different siloxane precursors
Precursors | Temperature/ ℃ | Density/ (g•cm-3) | Ratio of porosity/ % | specific surface area/(m2•g-1) | Pore volume/ (cm3•g-1) | Average pore size/nm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PhTMS+TMOS (molar ratio=1:4)[ | as-prepared 1000 | 0.48 0.58 | - | 987 581 | - | 2.8 2.5 |
TEOS+PDMS[ | 1200 | 0.30 | - | 198.04 | 0.684 | 5.6 |
MDMS+TEOS (molar ratio=1:1)[ | as-prepared 800 | - | - | 425.5 275.0 | 1.87 - | 17.59 - |
BTEE[ | as-prepared 1000 | - | - | 1022 69 | 0.53 0.02 | - |
BTME[ | as-prepared 1000 | - | - | 867 735 | 0.74 0.36 | - |
TEOS+TBOT+PDMS[ | as-prepared 400 600 800 1000 | - | - | 1.1 300.1 515.2 283.1 1.4 | 1.7 2.8 2.7 1.7 1.1 | - |
BTEBP[ | 300 1300 1400 1500 | 0.264 0.260 0.265 0.266 | 83 91 91 91 | 1190 1050 818 796 | 0.916 0.802 0.703 0.639 | - |
MTMS+GPYMS[ | as-prepared 1000 as-prepared 1000 | 0.31 0.61 0.18 0.49 | 78 - 87 - | 464 207 618 150 | 1.24 0.98 1.07 0.52 | 11 18 7 14 |
PHMS[ | as-prepared 1000 | - | - | 227 180 | 1.37 1.09 | 52 24 |
MTES[ | as-prepared 1000 | - | - | 727 168 | 1.47 0.80 | 8.0 18.5 |
PDMS+TrEOS[ | as-prepared 1100 | - | 59-69 1.6 | 405-583 109 | - | 3.2-5.0 <2 |
MDES+TrEOS[ | as-prepared 1000 | - | 88±2 50±1 | 0.45±0.02 0.31±0.02 | - |
图5 多孔SiCO陶瓷的几何结构和热传递分析模型[66]
Fig. 5 Geometric structure and heat transfer analysis of macro-porous SiCO ceramics[66] (a) Cubic array of intersecting spherical structure; (b) Heat transfer in two contact spherical particles; (c) Heat transfer in sphere-gas-sphere structure
Property | Value | Comments | Values for vitreous silica |
---|---|---|---|
Density/(g•cm-3) | 2.35 | 2.20 | |
Coefficient of the thermal expansion/K-1 | 3.14×10-6 | Average of many samples on cooling between 1000℃ and 100℃; hot-pressed | 0.5 |
Vickers hardness/(kg•mm-2) | 855 704 | 200 g load 1000 g load | 600-700 |
Critical stress intensity factor /(MPa•m1/2) | 1.8 | 1000 g load | 1 |
Fracture strength/MPa | 153±20 | 3-point bending of 0.74 mm diameter fibers | |
385±227 | 3-point bending of bars | ||
Young's elastic modulus/GPa | 97.9 | 70 | |
Index of refraction | 1.58 | At 0.5893 μm | 1.46 |
Glass transition/℃ | 1350 | Viscosity of 1013 P | 1190 |
Dielectric constant | 4.4 | 25℃, 10 to 107 Hz pyrolyzed to 1100℃ | 4 |
Dielectric loss tangent | 0.1 | 25℃, 10 to 107 Hz pyrolyzed to 1100℃ | 10-4 |
Electrical conductivity /(Ω·cm) -1 | 4×10-13 | 25℃, pyrolyzed to 1100℃ | ~10-22 |
表2 SiCO和玻璃态SiO2之间的物理特性
Table 2 Properties of SiCO glass and vitreous silica
Property | Value | Comments | Values for vitreous silica |
---|---|---|---|
Density/(g•cm-3) | 2.35 | 2.20 | |
Coefficient of the thermal expansion/K-1 | 3.14×10-6 | Average of many samples on cooling between 1000℃ and 100℃; hot-pressed | 0.5 |
Vickers hardness/(kg•mm-2) | 855 704 | 200 g load 1000 g load | 600-700 |
Critical stress intensity factor /(MPa•m1/2) | 1.8 | 1000 g load | 1 |
Fracture strength/MPa | 153±20 | 3-point bending of 0.74 mm diameter fibers | |
385±227 | 3-point bending of bars | ||
Young's elastic modulus/GPa | 97.9 | 70 | |
Index of refraction | 1.58 | At 0.5893 μm | 1.46 |
Glass transition/℃ | 1350 | Viscosity of 1013 P | 1190 |
Dielectric constant | 4.4 | 25℃, 10 to 107 Hz pyrolyzed to 1100℃ | 4 |
Dielectric loss tangent | 0.1 | 25℃, 10 to 107 Hz pyrolyzed to 1100℃ | 10-4 |
Electrical conductivity /(Ω·cm) -1 | 4×10-13 | 25℃, pyrolyzed to 1100℃ | ~10-22 |
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