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无机材料学报

无机材料学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 992-996.DOI: 10.15541/jim20160085

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高导电性热电池正极材料Ni-NiCl2复合物的
原位合成与放电性能研究

褚 颖1, 李云伟2, 吴启兵2, 胡 静1, 田千秋2, 户赫龙1, 朱永平1   

  1. (1. 中国科学院 过程工程研究所, 北京 100190; 2. 梅岭电源有限公司, 遵义 563003)
  • 收稿日期:2016-02-02 修回日期:2016-04-29 出版日期:2016-09-20 网络出版日期:2016-08-29
  • 作者简介:褚 颖(1979–), 女, 博士, 助理研究员. E-mail: ychu@ipe.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学青年基金(51204155)

In-situ Synthesis and Discharge Performance of Ni-NiCl2 Composite as Cathode Materials for Thermal Batteries

CHU Ying1, LI Yun-Wei2, WU Qi-Bing2, HU Jing1, TIAN Qian-Qiu2, HU He-Long1, ZHU Yong-Ping1   

  1. (1. Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2. Meiling Power Co., Ltd, Zunyi 563003, China)
  • Received:2016-02-02 Revised:2016-04-29 Published:2016-09-20 Online:2016-08-29
  • About author:CHU Ying. E-mail: ychu@ipe.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China (51204155)

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摘要：

作为高电位化合物, NiCl2是高功率热电池的理想正极材料, 但是其比表面积小、导电性差, 影响了其热电池的应用。采用升华和原位合成技术, 制备具有大比表面积和高导电性的热电池正极材料Ni-NiCl2复合粉体: 首先将市售含结晶水的NiCl2·6H2O经过低温干燥处理, 脱水后形成黄色粉体, 然后在Ar气氛下, 经850~900℃进行升华处理, 将收集的升华粉体置于Ar+H2还原气氛中, 300~500℃温度下还原热处理1 h, 得到Ni-NiCl2复合粉体。论文讨论并分析了粉体的热力学、晶体结构、原位合成过程和初步的电化学性能。结果表明: 升华过程中, NiCl2晶体沿着垂直于c轴的方向生长为直径200~300 µm的层状结构; 与纯NiCl2作为正极材料的LiSi︱LiCl-LiBr-LiF︱NiCl2热电池组的放电曲线相比, Ni-NiCl2复合粉体(5wt%单质Ni)为正极材料的热电池放电曲线更加平稳, 激活时间更短。

关键词: 热电池, 正极材料, Ni-NiCl2复合物, 原位合成, 放电性能

Abstract:

As a high potential compound, NiCl2 is an ideal anode material for high powder thermal battery, but its small specific surface area and poor conductivity hinder the application in thermal battery. In present study, The Ni-NiCl2 composite with high specific surface area and conductivity was prepared by sublimation and in-situ synthesis, as cathode materials for thermal batteries. The precursor material NiCl2·6H2O was dried to dehydrate and sublimated at 850~900℃ in Ar atmosphere successively. And then the yellow sublimed powder was reduced at 300~500℃ in Ar + H2 atmosphere for 1 h. Finally, the Ni and NiCl2 composite powders were formed. Thermoanalysis, crystal structure, in-situ synthesis process and electrochemical performance of the powders were analyzed. The results show that NiCl2 crystal grows along the direction perpendicular to c axis and formed a layered structure of 200-300 µm in the sublimation process. The resistivity of Ni-NiCl2 composite is reduced with the increase of elemental Ni content. The discharge curve of LiSi︱LiCl-LiBr-LiF︱NiCl2 thermal batteries with Ni-NiCl2 (5wt% elemental Ni) as anode material at 1000 mA/cm2 is more stable and has a shorter activation time, as compared to the discharge curve with pure NiCl2 as anode material.

Key words: thermal batteries, cathode material, Ni-NiCl2 Composite: in-situ synthesis, discharge performance

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