直写成型用悬浮液的设计

doi:10.15541/jim20150158

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

直写成型技术是一种新型的三维复杂结构的制备方法。本文综述了直写成型用悬浮液的研究进展: 根据直写成型悬浮液的固化特点, 将之划分为自固化悬浮液和外固化悬浮液; 分析了自固化悬浮液的流变性能要求与设计准则, 综述了典型的自固化悬浮液; 分析了外固化悬浮液的要求与固化方式, 并总结了典型的外固化悬浮液与固化方式; 探讨了直写成型用悬浮液的发展方向。

关键词: 直写成型, 悬浮液, 设计, 三维结构, 综述

Abstract:

Direct ink writing is a novel route for three-dimensional complex structures. Research progress of suspensions for direct ink writing is reviewed in this paper. These suspensions are divided to self- and assistant-solidification suspensions according to their solidification feature. Rheological characterizations and design principles of self-solidification suspensions are analyzed, and typical suspensions are concluded. Design principles and solidification mode of assistant-solidification suspensions are also analyzed, including typical assistant-solidification suspensions and solidification mode. Finally, the research tendency of suspensions for direct ink writing is discussed.

Key words: direct ink writing, suspension, design, three-dimensional structure, review

中图分类号:

TQ123

王小锋, 孙月花, 彭超群, 王日初, 张斗, 马超. 直写成型用悬浮液的设计[J]. 无机材料学报, 2015, 30(11): 1139-1147.

WANG Xiao-Feng, SUN Yue-Hua, PENG Chao-Qun, WANG Ri-Chu, ZHANG Dou, MA Chao. Suspensions Designed for Direct Ink Writing[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(11): 1139-1147.

图/表 7

图1 直写成型(自动注浆成型)示意图

Fig. 1 Direct ink writing (robocasting) (a) Schematic view[1] and (b) optical image of direct ink writing[26]; (c) schematic view of filament fluid[1]; (d) optical image of a 3-D periodic structure[25]

表1 直写成型的自固化悬浮液[13, 25, 35-39]

Table 1 Self-solidification suspensions designed for direct ink writing[13, 25, 35-39]

Self-solidification suspensions	Tailoring routes for rheological properties of suspensions	Minimum feature size in 3D structures	References
Colloidal gel suspensions	Changing pH values	100 μm	[25, 35-36]
	Tailoring ionic concentrations	30 μm	[37]
	Adding oppositive polyelectrolyte	200 μm	[13, 38]
Biphasic suspensions	Changing inter environment of suspensions with homopolymer and copolymer, e.g. ionic concentrations	< 100 μm	[39]
	Controlling the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity between particles and solvent	-	[39]
	Using powder with different isoelectric points (IEP)	-	[39]

图2 相互吸引的胶态颗粒的聚集状态图[34]

Fig. 2 Jamming phase diagram for attractive colloidal particles[34]

图3 改变酸碱度、离子强度或者加入反电离聚电解质改变时悬浮液从流体到凝胶的转变

Fig. 3 Fluid-to-gel transition of colloidal inks that occur upon changing pH, ionic strength or adding oppositely charged polyelectrolyte (a) Schematic view[25, 36]; (b) Shear elastic modulus versus shear stress for concentrated silica gels of varying strength through changing pH [25]; (c) Equilibrium elastic modulus of BaTiO3 nanoparticle inks with different salt additions[37]; (d) Ink elasticity varying [NHx+]: [COO-] ratios[38]

图4 双相悬浮液的示意图

Fig. 4 Schematic image of biphasic suspensions Two stably dispersed suspensions (a, b) are mixed (c), and then conditions are changed to trigger the flocculation of one suspension but still another suspensions flowing (d)

表2 直写成型的外固化悬浮液[17, 30-31, 42-47]

Table 2 Assistant-solidification suspensions designed for direct ink writing[17, 30-31, 42-47]

External conditions for solidification of suspensions	Assistant-solidification suspensions	Minimum feature size in 3D structures	References
Fast evaporation of solvent in suspensions	Colloidal suspensions with shear thinning behavior	500 μm	[17]
Fast evaporation of solvent in suspensions	Suspensions composited of nanoparticles and organic solvent	1 μm	[42-43]
Solubility divergence between solvent in suspensions and liquid in deposition reservoir	polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs)	500 μm 30 μm 1 μm	[30, 43-44]
Polymerization of organic monomer under ultraviolet irradiation	Silk fibroin solution	5 μm	[45]
	Sol-Gel suspension	0.3 μm	[46]
	Organic monomer solution	5 μm	[31]
	Suspensions containing organic monomer	—	[47]

图5 采用聚电解质混合物制备的三维周期结构

Fig. 5 Direct ink writing of three-dimensional microperiodic structures (a) Schematic diagram of direct ink writing with deposition reservoir; (b) Optical image acquired in situ during deposition; (c) Three-dimensional periodic structure with a face-centred tetragonal geometry; (d) Three- dimensional radial array[30]

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