反向溶液法制备硒纳米纤维正极的电化学性能研究

doi:10.15541/jim20150015

无机材料学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 867-871.DOI: 10.15541/jim20150015

反向溶液法制备硒纳米纤维正极的电化学性能研究

郭静, 靳俊, 温兆银, 刘宇

(中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所, 上海200050)

收稿日期:2015-01-09 修回日期:2015-04-04 出版日期:2015-08-20 网络出版日期:2015-07-21
作者简介:郭静(1989–), 女, 博士研究生. E-mail: gjsmile@student.mail.sic.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51402330) National Natural Science Foundation of China(51402330)

Electrochemical Performance of Nano-fibrous Selenium Cathode Synthesized by Reverse Solvent Method for Rechargeable Li-batteries

GUO Jing, JIN Jun, WEN Zhao-Yin, LIU Yu

(Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China)

Received:2015-01-09 Revised:2015-04-04 Published:2015-08-20 Online:2015-07-21
About author:GUO Jing. E-mail: gjsmile@student.mail.sic.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用简单的反向溶剂法制备出了直径为100 nm左右的高纯、高结晶度的纳米纤维状硒, 采用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对纤维硒进行结构和形貌的表征。硒纤维电极由于减小了单质硒的尺寸, 因而减缓不导电放电产物Li₂Se在活性物质Se表面附着所引起的“钝化”作用, 从而大大提高了活性物质利用率, 减缓了普通硒电极的容量衰减。与普通硒正极相比, 硒纤维正极具有更高的比容量和循环稳定性, 0.1C(1C=675 mAh/g)倍率下首周放电比容量达到465 mAh/g, 40周后容量保持在213 mAh/g。同时由于缩短了锂离子的扩散路径, 硒纤维电极比普通硒电极具有更高的电化学活性, 其倍率性能得到了大幅提高。

关键词: 纳米纤维硒, 反向溶剂法, 硒正极, 锂二次电池

Abstract:

Nano-fibrous selenium of high purity and crystallinity with a diameter of 100 nm were synthesized by the reverse solvent method. The structure and morphology of products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Since the size of elemental selenium is reduced, the inactivaton effect induced by the coverage of fully insulated discharge product Li₂Se on Se particles surface is mitigated, thus greatly improving the utilization coefficient of active materials and alleviating the capacity fading of lithium-selenium batteries. Compared with the pristine selenium cathode, Se fiber electrode presents higher specific capacity and better cycling stability which delivers an initial specific discharge capacity of 465 mAh/g at 0.1C (1C=675 mAh/g) and maintains a capacity of 213 mAh/g after 40 cycles. Meanwhile, Se fiber electrode shows higher electrochemical activity than pristine Se electrode due to its shorter lithium ion diffusion path, resulting in a substantially enhanced rate capability of Se fiber electrode.

Key words: nano-fibrous selenium, reverse solvent method, selenium cathode, secondary lithium battery

中图分类号:

TQ174

郭静, 靳俊, 温兆银, 刘宇. 反向溶液法制备硒纳米纤维正极的电化学性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2015, 30(8): 867-871.

GUO Jing, JIN Jun, WEN Zhao-Yin, LIU Yu. Electrochemical Performance of Nano-fibrous Selenium Cathode Synthesized by Reverse Solvent Method for Rechargeable Li-batteries[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(8): 867-871.

图/表 6

图1 所得硒纤维的XRD图谱

Fig. 1 XRD pattern of the as-prepared Se fiber

图2 普通硒和纤维硒的SEM照片

Fig. 2 SEM images of pristine Se (a) and Se fiber (b)

图3 锂/普通硒和锂/纤维硒电池的循环伏安曲线

Fig. 3 Cyclic voltammograms of Li / pristine Se (a) and Li / Se fiber (b) cells

图4 普通硒和纤维硒电极的前两周充放电曲线(a) (b), 循环寿命曲线(c)和倍率性能(d)

Fig. 4 Galvanostatic charge/discharge curves (a, b), cycling performance (c) and rate capability (d) of pristine Se and Se fiber The symbol “◆”denotes the value of specific capacity of Se fiber from literature [14]

图5 普通硒和纤维硒电极电池循环后的Nyquist图谱

Fig. 5 Nyquist plots of Li / pristine Se and Li / Se fiber cells after cycling

图6 单个硒颗粒和单根硒纤维的放电过程示意图

Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of discharge process of single Se particle

参考文献 15

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反向溶液法制备硒纳米纤维正极的电化学性能研究

Electrochemical Performance of Nano-fibrous Selenium Cathode Synthesized by Reverse Solvent Method for Rechargeable Li-batteries

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