焙烧温度对滑动弧等离子体制备纳米TiO2光催化剂的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20140260

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用滑动弧等离子体制备出不同颗粒形貌和锐钛矿相初始含量(f_A)的纳米TiO₂粉体。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和物理吸附仪对焙烧前后的样品进行表征, 考察了焙烧温度对纳米TiO₂的晶相组成、晶体粒径、比表面积(S_BET)和颗粒形貌的影响。通过光催化氧化亚甲基蓝反应评价样品焙烧后的光催化活性。结果表明, 滑动弧等离子体制备的纳米TiO₂的锐钛矿相向金红石相转变温度约为650℃, 锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变速率取决于焙烧温度、颗粒形貌和锐钛矿相初始含量。随焙烧温度升高, 球形颗粒的锐钛矿晶体粒径略微增大, S_BET缓慢减小; 非球形颗粒的锐钛矿晶体粒径快速增大, S_BET迅速减小。随着f_A的增加, 纳米TiO₂粉体的光催化表观反应速率常数(k)呈现三种不同的变化趋势: 当f_A<70%时, k随之缓慢增加; 当70%<f_A<85%时, k随之快速增加; 当f_A>85%时, k转为快速降低。

关键词: 滑动弧等离子体, 二氧化钛, 光催化剂, 锐钛矿相含量

Abstract:

TiO₂ nanopowders with different morphologies and initial anatase contents (f_A) were synthesized by gliding arc plasma. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and physisorption instruments were employed to investigate the effects of calcination temperature on phase composition, crystal size, morphology and specific surface area (S_BET) of the TiO₂ nanopowders. Photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue was utilized to evaluate the activities of calcined TiO₂ nanopowders. The results indicate that the anatase-rutile transformation temperature of as-synthesized TiO₂ nanopowders is around 650℃, and the anatase-rutile transformation rate depends on the calcination temperature, morphology and the initial f_A. With the increase of calcination temperature, the anatase crystal size slightly increases and S_BET slightly decreases for spherical particles, while for non-spherical particles, the anatase crystal size increases and S_BET decreases rapidly. With the increase of f_A, the variation of photocatalytic apparent rate constant (k) of TiO₂ nanopowder presents three profiles: when f_A is below 70%, k slowly increases; when f_A ranges from 70% to 85%, k rapidly increases; when f_A is beyond 85%, k rapidly decreases.

Key words: gliding arc plasma, TiO2, photocatalyst, anatase content

中图分类号:

TQ174

刘诗鑫, 李小松, 邓晓清, 孙智广, 朱爱民. 焙烧温度对滑动弧等离子体制备纳米TiO₂光催化剂的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2015, 30(2): 189-194.

LIU Shi-Xin, LI Xiao-Song, DENG Xiao-Qing, SUN Zhi-Guang, ZHU Ai-Min. Influence of Calcination Temperature on Nano-TiO₂ Photocatalyst Synthesized by Gliding Arc Plasma[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(2): 189-194.

图/表 9

表1 样品的制备条件

Table 1 Synthesized conditions of samples

Sample	F_air / slm	P_discharge / W	SEI / (kJ·mol^-1)
S1	1.7	75.8	56.6
S2	1.7	85.0	63.5
S3	1.7	94.6	70.6
S4	2.1	87.3	53.3
S5	3.0	88.1	38.2

图1 样品(a)S1和(b) S5的TEM照片

Fig. 1 TEM images of sample S1(a) and sample S5(b)

图2 样品(a)S1和(b)S5经不同温度焙烧后产物的XRD图谱

Fig. 2 XRD patterns of the products of (a) S1 and (b) S5 calcined at different temperatures

图3 焙烧温度对样品锐钛矿相含量(fA)的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of calcination temperature on anatase content (fA) of the samples

图4 焙烧温度对样品晶体粒径(a) dA和(b) dR的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of calcination temperature on (a) dA and (b) dR of the samples

图5 焙烧温度对样品比表面积的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of calcination temperature on specific surface area of the samples

图6 样品(a)S1和(b)S5经750℃焙烧后产物的TEM照片

Fig. 6 TEM images of samples (a) S1 and (b) S5 calcined at 750℃

图7 (a)S1、(b)S2、(c)S3和(d)S4经不同温度焙烧产物的-ln(C/C0)与紫外光照射时间的关系

Fig. 7 ln(C/C0) versus UV irradiation time for the products from (a) S1, (b) S2, (c) S3 and (d) S4 calcined at different temperatures

图8 反应速率常数(k)随锐钛矿相含量(fA)的变化

Fig. 8 Apparent rate constant (k) versus anatase content (fA)

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焙烧温度对滑动弧等离子体制备纳米TiO₂光催化剂的影响

Influence of Calcination Temperature on Nano-TiO₂ Photocatalyst Synthesized by Gliding Arc Plasma

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