煅烧对纳米TiO2/蛋白土复合材料光催化性能的影响及机理

doi:10.15541/jim20130575

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纳米TiO₂/蛋白土复合材料是一种采用钛盐水解沉淀法在蛋白土表面负载纳米TiO₂的新型光催化剂。本文结合晶型与晶粒度、比表面积和孔结构等性质, 讨论了煅烧工艺对其光催化性能的影响机理。结果表明, 复合材料升温到800℃时仍无金红石相出现, 说明载体蛋白土对TiO₂的晶型转变起到抑制作用。以染料罗丹明B溶液为目标降解物, 250 W汞灯为光源, 评价纳米TiO₂/蛋白土复合材料的光催化性能, 其中600℃煅烧2 h得到的样品具有较优的光催化性能, 照射4 h后, 对罗丹明B的去除率达到97.24%。

关键词: 二氧化钛, 蛋白土, 煅烧, 光催化

Abstract:

Nanocrystalline TiO₂ particles immobilized on opal by a hydrolysis precipitation method are used as a novel catalyst in photocatalysis. Effects of crystalline and size, BET specific surface area and porous properties on the photoactivity were investigated by characterizing samples obtained under various calcination temperatures and periods. Results reveal that there is still no evidence of rutile phase in XRD patterns when the calcination temperature increases to 800℃. This indicates that the opal support impedes the phase transformation. The photocatalytic reactivity of this nano-TiO₂/opal composite catalyst was evaluated by degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) under ultraviolet light. The sample calcined at 600℃ for 2 h exhibits the smaller crystalline size and larger specific surface area with a concomitant higher activity of 97.24% for RhB degradation by 4 h irradiation under 250 W Hg lamp.

Key words: opal, TiO2, calcination, photocatalysis

中图分类号:

TD98

汪滨, 郑水林, 文明, 张广心. 煅烧对纳米TiO₂/蛋白土复合材料光催化性能的影响及机理[J]. 无机材料学报, 2014, 29(8): 795-800.

WANG Bin, ZHENG Shui-Lin, WEN Ming, ZHANG Guang-Xin. Effects of Calcination Condition on Photocatalytic Properties of Nano-TiO₂/Opal Composite and Its Mechanism[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2014, 29(8): 795-800.

图/表 8

表1 蛋白土的化学成分

Table 1 Chemical compositions of opal

Chemical composition / %	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	L.O.I
Chemical composition / %	91.68	2.43	0.33	0.43	0.18	0.08	5.02

图1 纳米TiO2/蛋白土复合粉体不同煅烧温度的XRD图谱

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of nano-TiO2/opal composites calcined at different temperatures

表2 不同煅烧温度样品的晶粒尺寸及表面性质

Table 2 Crystalline sizes and surface properties of samples calcined at different temperatures

Sample	Calcination	Crystalline size<br/>D₍₁₀₁₎/nm	Surface area S_BET/(m²•g^-1)	Pore diameter W/nm	Pore volume V_m/(cm³•g^-1)
	Temperature/℃	Time/h
TO-0	-	-	-	106.4	5.3	0.191
TO-5-2	500	2	12.412	73.8	6.6	0.166
TO-6-2	600	2	9.902	89.7	6.2	0.165
TO-7-2	700	2	13.316	73.8	6.5	0.146
TO-8-2	800	2	19.271	67.1	6.7	0.147

图2 煅烧温度对纳米TiO2/蛋白土光催化活性的影响

Fig. 2 Influence of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO2/opal

图3 纳米TiO2/蛋白土复合粉体煅烧不同时间的XRD图谱

Fig. 3 XRD patterns of nano-TiO2/opal composites calcined at 600℃ for different time

图4 煅烧时间对纳米TiO2/蛋白土光催化活性的影响

Fig. 4 Influence of calcination time on the photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO2/opal

600℃煅烧不同时间样品的晶粒尺寸及表面性质

Table 3 Crystalline sizes and surface properties of samples calcined at 600℃ for different time

Sample	Calcination	Crystalline size<br/>D₍₁₀₁₎/nm	Surface area S_BET/(m²•g^-1)	Pore diameter W/nm	Pore volume V_m/(cm³•g^-1)
	Temperature/℃	Time/h
TO-6-1	600	1	9.581	85.2	7.3	0.204
TO-6-2	600	2	9.902	89.7	6.2	0.165
TO-6-3	600	3	10.890	84.8	6.9	0.188
TO-6-4	600	4	9.872	86.5	7.4	0.211

图5 蛋白土原矿(a, b)及纳米TiO2/蛋白土复合粉体(c, d)的TEM照片

Fig. 5 TEM images of raw opal (a,b) and nano-TiO2/opal composites (c,d)

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煅烧对纳米TiO₂/蛋白土复合材料光催化性能的影响及机理

Effects of Calcination Condition on Photocatalytic Properties of Nano-TiO₂/Opal Composite and Its Mechanism

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