图1 锌离子电池的电化学原理图[9]

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of the electrochemical principle of the zinc ion battery[9]

图2 锌离子电池和其它储能器件的Ragone图

Fig. 2 Ragone plots of zinc ion battery and other energy storage devices

图3 锌离子电池在0.1 A/g (a)和8 A/g (b)恒电流下的充放电循环曲线[9]

Fig. 3 Charge and discharge curues of zinc ion batteries at current density of 0.1 A/g (a) and 8 A/g (b)[9]

图4 锌与其他金属作空气电池的比能量和在水中的稳定性[40]

Fig. 4 Specific capacity metal-air battery and stability in water of zinc and other metals[40]

图5 (a)200 mA h/g的电流密度下未改性及加入不同比例活性炭改性的锌负极后锌离子电池的循环性能; (b) 0.1 mV/s扫描速度下未改性和活性炭改性锌负极的锌离子电池的循环伏安曲线[45]

Fig. 5 (a) Cycling performance of rechargeable zinc ion batteries with the unmodified ZnAB and ZnAB+AC (charge/discharge at 200 mA h/g); (b) CV curves of the unmodified ZnAB and ZnAB+12wt%AC at scanning rate of 0.1 mV/s[45]

图6 (a) 不同倍率下锌离子电池的放电曲线; (b) 6C倍率下锌离子电池的循环性能[9]

Fig. 6 (a) Discharge curves of the zinc ion battery at various rates and (b) cycle life performance of the zinc ion battery at a continuous cycling 6C/6C charge/discharge test[9]

图7 (a)锌离子电池第1圈(黑)、第2圈(红)的循环伏安曲线和循环性能曲线; (b)充放电不同阶段时锌负极的XRD图谱: 原电极(1), 半放电(2), 完全放电(3), 完全充电(4), 重新放电(5), 与图(a)中表示对应[68]

Fig. 7 Potential profiles of the zinc/α-MnO2 Zn-ion battery during the first (black line) and the second (red line) cycles, and their cycling performance up to 30 cycles (inset). (b) Ex-situ X-ray diffraction patterns of the electrodes at various charge and discharge stages: original electrode (1), half discharged electrode (2), fully discharged electrode (3), fully recharged electrode (4), and fully re-discharged electrode (5), as indicated in Figure (a)[68]

图8 锌离子嵌入γ-MnO2结构的示意图[63]

Fig. 8 Schematic illustration of the reaction pathway of Zn-insertion in the prepared γ-MnO2 cathode[63]

图9 (a)不同比例V2O5/C做电极时电池的循环伏安曲线; (b)V2O5/C做电极时电池循环第1圈和第20圈的循环伏安曲线[44]

Fig. 9 (a) Cycle voltammograms of composite electrodes with different mass ratios of V2O5/C and (b) cycle performance of composite electrodes[44]

图10 (a)电流密度为60 mA/g时电池的循环性能曲线; (b)不同倍率情况下电池的循环性能曲线[73]

Fig. 10 (a) Capacity versus number of cycles of the full cell at the current density of 60 mA/g ; (b) Capacity versus number of cycles of the full cell at different current densities[73]

图11 (a)使用HD-Zn和普通Zn片在5C倍率循环2圈后的循环伏安曲线和(b)5C倍率下HD-Zn和普通Zn片做负极时电池循环过程中的容量保持率[74]

Fig. 11 (a) Effect of HD Zn compared to Zn sheet as an anode on charge and discharge profiles of cycle 2 at 5C rate and (b) fractional capacity vs. cycle number compared for sheet Zn and HD Zn at 5C rate[74]

图12 (a) 在2 mV/s扫描速度下以0.5 mol/L的Na2SO4(1), 0.5 mol/L的K2SO4(2)和1 mol/L的ZnSO4(3)为电解液时锌离子电池的循环伏安曲线, (b) 不同倍率下锌离子电池的循环性能曲线[75]

Fig. 12 (a) CVs of ZnHCF in 0.5 mol/L Na2SO4 (1), 0.5 mol/ L K2SO4 (2), and 1 mol/L ZnSO4 (3) at scan rate of 2 mV/s ; (b) Cycle life tests at a rate of 1 C (square) and 5C (circle), 1C = 60 mA/g[75]