Fig. 1 Front view of the experimental setup for visible-light irradiation of the photocatalysts libraries[9] Ⓐ Array of lamps (Osram Dulus S G23, 11W); Ⓑ Bath of frosted glass filled with 1 mol/L K2CrO4 solution; Ⓒ Library of 45 HPLC flasks arranged in five columns and nine rows; Ⓓ Orbital shaker (Heidolph Titramax 100)

Fig. 2 (a) Schematic diagram of drop-on-demand inkjet delivery system (mainly with micro-piezoelectric inkjet head, solution reservoir, x-y moving stage, microreactor and substrate)[12]; (b) schematic diagram of Sol-Gel device (1-box with temperature controlling insides; 4-shaking motor; 5-support rod; 7-reaction chamber; 8-microreactor array)[16]

Fig. 3 (a) Schematic diagram of a typical triple-laser-beam parallel heating system(mainly including laser sources, reflectors, sample library holder and moving platform, computer and controllers)[21]; (b) Schematic diagram of a representative triple channel optical spectrometer(mainly including fiber optical spectrometer, spectral calibration device, modular LE and LED excitation source, sample library holder and moving platform)[22]

Fig. 4 View of the multi-autoclave showing the mode of stacking of the Teflon blocks and one of the alternative designs using Teflon inserts which can be stacked vertically[23]

Fig. 5 (a) Schematic layout of the high-throughput hydrothermal (HiTCH) flow synthesis system, and (b) shematic of freeze-dried powders fired at 1000 ℃ and filled into a PTFE triangular holder[29]

Fig. 6 Schematic diagram (a) and photograph (b) of the ceramic substrate-copper net-metal mask microreactor array, (c) a plastic substrate with the same predrilled shallow wells (2 mm in depth) as the library, then flipped over the synthesized powders into the shallow wells, and (d) a metal plate used to compact powders[39]

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of microfluidic chip for synthesis of three-elements compounds[42]

Fig. 8 Setup of the microchip-based photocatalyst screening system (a), schematic diagram of the multi-channel array ship with a wedge structure in each channel (b), schematic diagram of the catalyst loading (c), and illustration of the catalyst screening procedure (d)[43] (d1) Loading catalyst particles in the microchannel to form the column; (d2) Introducing MB solution into the channel and recording the initial channel image; (d3) MB degradation under UV light; (d4) Recording the channel image after definite time

Fig. 9 Photos of the microfluidic-based composition and temperature controlling platform with two inlets and 20 outlets (a), details of the micro-reactor arrays (120-230 ℃, 100 holes) and microfluidic chip having Christmas-tree-type structure (b)[48]

Fig. 10 Ternary combi-chem libraries for (a) (Ca,Sr,Mg)2Si5N8: Eu2+, (b) (Ca,Sr,Mg)2Si5N8:Eu2+, (c) (Ca,Sr,Ba)2Si5N8:Eu2+, and (d) (Sr,Ba,Mg)2Si5N8:Eu2+ in terms of photoluminescent intensity and color chromaticity[49] Actual photos taken under 365 nm excitations are also presented

Fig. 11 Internal structure(a), schematic diagram (b) and operation flow chart (c) of the high throughput equipment[53]

Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of high-throughput electric field-assisted combustion synthesis system[55] 4×4 array sintered samples