Evaluating Damage Evolution of Three-dimension Needled C/SiC Composite Based on Acoustic Emission Signal Analysis

doi:10.15541/jim20170355

Abstract

Abstract:

Static tensile test of three dimension needled C/SiC composite material (3D-N C/SiC) was carried out at room temperature and damage processes of the composite was monitored online by an acoustic emission (AE) instrument. Noise information in the AE signals was removed according to Wavelet theory, and K-means clustering was used to analyze the AE signals. Combined with SEM observation, five damage modes were found during the tension: matrix cracking, interfacial debonding, interfacial sliding, individual fiber breakage, and fiber bundle rupture. The damage signal of 3D-N C/SiC composite contained three main frequencies at 240, 370 and 455 kHz, corresponding to interface damage, matrix damage and fiber fracture, respectively. Damage evolutionary mechanism was proposed through AE events and cumulative energy variation with loading time.

Key words: C/SiC composite, acoustic emission, K-means cluster, damage mechanism

CLC Number:

TB332

HUANG Xi-Peng, WANG Bo, YANG Cheng-Peng, PAN Wen-Ge, LIU Xiao-Ying. Evaluating Damage Evolution of Three-dimension Needled C/SiC Composite Based on Acoustic Emission Signal Analysis[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(6): 609-616.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig. 1 Micrograph of 3D-N C/SiC sample cross-section

Fig. 2 Schematic drawing for sizes of tensile sample

Fig. 3 Stress-strain curve and AE energy distribution during monotonic tension for the 3D-N C/SiC composite

Fig. 4 Stress-strain curve of 3D-N C/SiC during cycled loading- unloading-reloading procedure

Table 1 Tensile mechanical properties of 3D-N C/SiC

Modulus/ GPa	Strength/ MPa	Failure strain/%	Elastic limit/MPa	Poisson’s ratio
104.29	115.06	0.3061	37.67	0.08

Fig. 5 Acoustic emission feature during cycled loading- unloading-reloading procedure

Fig. 6 $\hat{J}$ index change with clustering number K

Fig. 7 Clustering chart of amplitude vs. energy distribution

Table 2 Numerical value of the clustering center

Cluster	1	2	3	4	5
Amplitude/mV	226.4	1147.5	496.2	64.4	122.5
Energy/(mV×ms)	34.2	78.4	49.0	12.5	22.0

Fig. 8 Characteristics of acoustic emission events with stress distribution in 3D-N C/SiC (a) and spectral characteristics of the signal wave at point A (b), B (c), C (d), D (e) and E (f) in (a)

Fig. 9 Micrograph (50×) of fractured surface and (b) micrograph (2000×) of fractured surface of 3N-C/SiC composite material after tensile stress

Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of transverse propagation of transverse matrix crack

Fig. 11 ER/E0 and residual strain vs. stressER: Unloading modulus; E0: Elastic modulus; εR: Residual strain; σR: Unloading stress

Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of matrix crack in 0° layer

Table 3 Characterization of acoustic emission signals and description of the damage modes

Damage modes	Cluster	Energy/(mV·ms)	Frequency/kHz	Description
Matrix cracking	1	20-80	370	When the load exceeds the proportional limit (37 MPa), crack begins to form and spreads until the sample fails.
Interface debonding	5	10-40	240	When crack extends to the fiber, it deflects and expands along the interface.
Interfacial slipping	4	0-20	240
Fiber breakage	3	40-80	455	As cracks become saturated, the fibers begin to break.
Fiber cluster failure	2	70-260	594	That cracks in the material expand rapidly to form macro-cracks attributes to fiber bundle breakage.

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