Direct View for the Deformation Evolution of Sulfur Electrode during Li-S Battery Cycling

doi:10.15541/jim20160325

Abstract

Abstract:

An experimental set-up was developed which can observe electrode deformation and electrochemical reaction in-situ during the charge-discharge cycling of lithium-sulfur battery. The positive bending deformation during charge and discharge was monitored at real time. It was found that the positive curvature increased during discharge and reduced during open circuit. The curvature would recover the original state during charge period. As electrochemical reaction proceeds, the electrolyte near positive electrode gradually become yellow and deepened due to polysulfide dissolution of discharge products. Results of surface and section morphology observation on sulfur electrode before and after cycle using scanning electron microscope (SEM) were consistent with curvature changes during cycling and verified the volumetric expansion of sulfur electrode.

Key words: lithium-sulfur battery, bending deformation, electrode expansion, transparent battery, sulfur electrode

CLC Number:

O646

WANG Yu-Hui, JIN Jun, GUO Zhan-Sheng, WEN Zhao-Yin. Direct View for the Deformation Evolution of Sulfur Electrode during Li-S Battery Cycling[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2017, 32(3): 247-251.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Schematic of battery assembly (a) before and (b) after transformation

Fig. 2 Schematic of deformation monitoring and curvature calculation

Fig. 3 First and second charge-discharge curves of Li-S battery

Fig. 4 Relation curves between voltage, electrochemical reaction, electrode deformation, and cycle time(a) Changes in voltage and positive deformation over time under complete charge and discharge cycle; (b) Portion screenshot of electrochemical reaction and electrode deformation during cycle

Fig. 5 Cross section showing thick changing of S electrode(a) Before 1st charge-diacharge cycle; (b) After 1st charge-diacharge cycle

Fig. 6 Surface morphologies of S electrode(a) Before 1st charge-diacharge cycle; (b) After 1st charge-diacharge cycle

References 25

[1]	LIN CHEN, LEON L SHAW.Recent advances in lithium-sulfur batteries.Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 267: 770-783.
[2]	ROSENMAN ARIEL, ELAZARI RAN, SALITRA GREGORY, et al.The effect of interactions and reduction products of LiNO3, the anti-shuttle agent, in Li-S battery systems.Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2015, 162(3): A470-A473.
[3]	YANG YUAN, ZHENG GUANG-YUAN, CUI YI.Nanostructured sulfur cathodes.Chemical Society Reviews, 2013, 42(7): 3018-3032.
[4]	MANTHIRAM ARUMUGAM, FU YONG-ZHU, CHUNG SHENG-HENG, et al.Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries.Chemical Reviews, 2014, 114(23): 11751-11787.
[5]	XU GUI-YIN, DING BING, PAN JIN, et al.High performance lithium-sulfur batteries: advances and challenges.Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2014, 2(32): 12662-12676.
[6]	YIN YA-XIA, XIN SEN, GUO YU-GUO, et al.Lithium-sulfur batteries: electrochemistry, materials, and prospects.Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2013, 52(50): 13186-13200.
[7]	LI WEI-YANG, ZHANG QIAN-FAN, ZHENG GUANG-YUAN, et al.Understanding the role of different conductive polymers in improving the nanostructured sulfur cathode performance.Nano Letters, 2013, 13(11): 5534-5540.
[8]	BRUCE PETER G, FREUNBERGER STEFAN A, HARDWICK LAURENCE J, et al.LiO2 and Li-S batteries with high energy storage.Nat-Mater., 2012, 11(1): 19-29.
[9]	HE XIANG-MING, REN JIAN-GUO, WANG LI, et al.Expansion and shrinkage of the sulfur composite electrode in rechargeable lithium batteries.Journal of Power Sources, 2009, 190: 154-156.
[10]	JIN JUN, WEN ZHAO-YIN, MA GUO-QIANG, et al.Mesoporous carbon/sulfur composite with polyaniline coating for lithium sulfur batteries.Solid State Ionics, 2014, 262: 170-173.
[11]	MA GUO-QIANG., WEN ZHAO-YIN, JIN JUN, et al.Enhanced performance of lithium sulfur battery with polypyrrole warped mesoporous carbon/sulfur composite.Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 254: 353-359.
[12]	MA GUO-QIANG, WEN ZHAO-YIN, JIN JUN, et al.Enhancement of long stability of Li-S battery by thin wall hollow spherical structured polypyrrole based sulfur cathode.RSC Advances, 2014, 4(41): 21612-21618.
[13]	WANG QING-SONG, JIN JUN, WU XIANG-WEI, et al.A shuttle effect free lithium sulfur battery based on a hybrid electrolyte.Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2014, 16(39): 21225-21229.
[14]	JIN JUN, WEN ZHAO-YIN, MA GUO-QIANG, et al.Flexible self-supporting graphene-sulfur paper for lithium sulfur batteries.RSC Advances, 2013, 3(8): 2558-2560.
[15]	CHEON SANG-EUN, KO KI-SEOK, CHO JI-HOON, et al.Rechargeable lithium sulfur battery: I. structural change of sulfur cathode during discharge and charge.Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2003, 150(6): A796-A799.
[16]	CHEON SANG-EUN, KO KI-SEOK, CHO JI-HOON, et al.Rechargeable lithium sulfur battery: II. Rate capability and cycle characteristics.Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2003, 150(6): A800-A805.
[17]	MIKHAYLIK YURIY V, AKRIDGE JAMES R.Polysulfide shuttle study in the Li/S battery system.Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2004, 151(11): A1969-A1976.
[18]	MANTHIRAM ARUMUGAM, FU YONGZHU, SU YU-SHENG.Challenges and prospects of lithium-sulfur batteries.Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(5): 1125-1134.
[19]	LI YA-JUAN, ZHAN HUI, LIU SU-QIN, et al.Electrochemical properties of the soluble reduction products in rechargeable Li/S battery.Journal of Power Sources, 2010, 195(9): 2945-2949.
[20]	TOBISHIMA SHIN-ICHI, YAMAMOTO HIDEO, MATSUDA MINORU.Study on the reduction species of sulfur by alkali metals in nonaqueous solvents.Electrochimica Acta, 1997, 42(6): 1019-1029.
[21]	DIAO YAN, XIE KAI, XIONG SHI-ZHAO, et al.Analysis of polysulfide dissolved in electrolyte in discharge-charge process of Li-S battery.Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2012, 159(4): A421-A425.
[22]	SUO LIU-MIN, HU YONG-SHENG, LI HONG, et al.A new class of solvent-in-salt electrolyte for high-energy rechargeable metallic lithium batteries.Nat. Commun., 2013, 4: 1481.
[23]	JI XIU-LEI, LINDA F.NAZAR. Advances in Li-S batteries.Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2010, 20(44): 9821-9826.
[24]	DORON AURBACH, ELAD POLLAK, RAN ELAZARI, et al.J. On the surface chemical aspects of very high energy density, rechargeable Li-Sulfur batteries.Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2009, 156(8): A694-A702.
[25]	JI XIU-LEI, KYU TAE LEE, LINDA F NAZAR.A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries.Nat. Mater., 2009, 8(6): 500-506.