微波加热制备特种陶瓷材料研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20220002

无机材料学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 841-852.DOI: 10.15541/jim20220002 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20220002

所属专题： 2022年度中国知网高下载论文

微波加热制备特种陶瓷材料研究进展

陈勇强¹(), 王怡雪¹, 张帆¹^,², 李红霞¹^,³, 董宾宾⁴, 闵志宇⁴, 张锐¹^,⁴()

1.郑州大学材料科学与工程学院, 郑州 450001
2.河南信息统计职业学院, 郑州 450008
3.中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院有限公司, 洛阳 471039
4.洛阳理工学院, 洛阳 471023

收稿日期:2022-01-04 修回日期:2022-03-08 出版日期:2022-08-20 网络出版日期:2022-03-29
通讯作者: 张锐, 教授. E-mail: zhangray@zzu.edu.cn
作者简介:陈勇强(1991-), 男, 博士, 讲师. E-mail: chenyq@zzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(U21A2064)

Preparation of Special Ceramics by Microwave Heating: a Review

CHEN Yongqiang¹(), WANG Yixue¹, ZHANG Fan¹^,², LI Hongxia¹^,³, DONG Binbin⁴, MIN Zhiyu⁴, ZHANG Rui¹^,⁴()

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2. Henan Vocational College of Information and Statistics, Zhengzhou 450008, China
3. Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471039, China
4. Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China

Received:2022-01-04 Revised:2022-03-08 Published:2022-08-20 Online:2022-03-29
Contact: ZHANG Rui, professor. E-mail: zhangray@zzu.edu.cn
About author:CHEN Yongqiang (1991-), male, PhD, lecturer. E-mail: chenyq@zzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2064)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

特种陶瓷广泛应用于航天航空、电子信息、新能源、机械、化工等新兴工业领域, 其高温制备过程仍以传统燃气窑炉和电加热炉为主; 碳排放高、能耗大, 节能减排形势严峻。当前, 我国面临实现“双碳”目标的巨大压力, 研究推广清洁高效的加热技术迫在眉睫。微波加热是利用材料自身对微波进行吸收, 将电磁能转化为热能, 能量的转移发生在分子水平上, 通过这种方式, 加热在整个材料内外同时产生, 整个材料体系中的温度梯度非常低。除体积加热外, 选择性加热、功率再分配、热剧变以及微波等离子效应等也是微波烧结的显著特征。微波加热具有节能环保、改善制品性能、减少燃烧碳排放等优点, 国内外有许多关于微波合成各种氧化物、碳化物、氮化物陶瓷粉体和微波烧结陶瓷复合材料的报道。本文首先对微波和微波混合烧结的基本理论进行综述, 然后介绍了微波加热制备陶瓷粉体与微波烧结制备陶瓷材料的最新研究进展, 最后总结了微波加热在陶瓷工程制品烧结中的一些研究成果, 体现出微波烧结的优越性, 并提出了微波烧结制备特种陶瓷的关键问题和今后的发展方向。

关键词: 微波加热, 陶瓷粉体, 陶瓷烧结, 节能环保, 综述

Abstract:

Special ceramics are widely used in aerospace, electronics, information, new energy, machinery, chemical industry, and other emerging industries. Their high temperature preparation process is still dominated by traditional gas kilns and electric heating furnaces with high carbon emissions and high energy consumption. The energy conservation-emission reduction situation is grim at present. Therefore, China is facing great pressure to achieve ‘double carbon’ goal, badly needing research and promotion of clean and efficient heating technology. Microwave heating uses the dielectric loss of the material itself to absorb microwave and convert electromagnetic energy into heat energy at molecular level. In this way, heat is generated simultaneously both inside and outside the whole material, leading the temperature gradient very low in the whole material. In addition to the volumetric heating, selective heating, power redistribution, thermal upheaval, and microwave plasma effect are important characteristics of microwave sintering. Microwave heating has the advantages of energy conservation, environmental protection, improved product performance and reduced combustion carbon emissions. There are many reports on microwave synthesis of various oxides, carbides, nitrides ceramic powders, and microwave sintering ceramic composites domestic and abroad. In this paper, the basic theories of microwave sintering and microwave mixed sintering are reviewed firstly, and then the latest research progress on preparation of ceramic powders by microwave heating and ceramic materials preparation by microwave sintering is introduced. Finally, microwave heating used in sintering of ceramic engineering products is introduced, which shows the superiority of microwave sintering. The key problems and the future development direction of special ceramics prepared by microwave sintering are also proposed.

Key words: microwave heating, ceramics powders, ceramics sintering, energy conservation and environmental protection, review

中图分类号:

TQ174

陈勇强, 王怡雪, 张帆, 李红霞, 董宾宾, 闵志宇, 张锐. 微波加热制备特种陶瓷材料研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(8): 841-852.

CHEN Yongqiang, WANG Yixue, ZHANG Fan, LI Hongxia, DONG Binbin, MIN Zhiyu, ZHANG Rui. Preparation of Special Ceramics by Microwave Heating: a Review[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(8): 841-852.

图/表 14

图1 微波加热与常规加热方法示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of microwave heating and conventional heating methods

图2 微波热解制备α-Al2O3粉体的保温结构示意图[44]

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the insulation structure of α-Al2O3 powder prepared by microwave pyrolysis[44] (1—High alumina lightweight mullite foam brick head cover; 2—95 alumina crucible; 3—High alumina lightweight mullite foam brick insulation cylinder; 4—SiC auxiliary heating rods; 5—Infrared thermometer hole)

图3 两种前驱体粉料在不同温度下微波热解所得样品的SEM照片[44]

Fig. 3 SEM images of samples obtained from microwave pyrolysis of two precursor powders at different temperatures [44] (a) Aluminum ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate as prcursor, (b) Aluminum hydroxide as precursor

图4 不同微波热解温度和750 ℃常规热解获得氧化锆粉体的SEM照片[45]

Fig. 4 SEM images of zirconia powders obtained at different microwave pyrolysis temperatures and conventional pyrolysis at 750 ℃[45] (a) 700 ℃; (b) 750 ℃; (c) 800 ℃; (d) 850 ℃; (e) 900 ℃; (f) conventional pyrolysis at 750 ℃

图5 坯体及样品照片[58]

Fig. 6 Images of green body and samples[58] (a) Green body; (b) Sample; (c) Core-shell structure of sample

图6 微波加热至1100 ℃并保温30 min, 合成SiC晶体的SEM照片[56]

Fig. 6 SEM images of the synthesized SiC crystals by microwave heating at 1100 ℃ and holding for 30 min[56] (a) Spatial growth of SiC crystals; (b) SiC transistors; (c) SEM images of SiC whiskers at (c) low magnification and (d) high magnification

图7 不同温度微波加热合成KNN的XRD图谱和SEM照片[61]

Fig. 7 XRD patterns and SEM images of KNN synthesized by microwave heating at different temperatures[61] (a) 650 ℃; (b) 700 ℃; (c) 750 ℃; (d) 800 ℃

图8 Na2CO3含量对1600 ℃微波烧结得到的样品表面形貌的影响[63]

Fig. 8 Effect of Na2CO3 content on the surface morphology of the samples obtained by microwave sintering at 1600 ℃[63] (a) 3%; (b) 5%; (c) 7%; (d) 9%

图9 1550 ℃烧结3Y-ZrO2陶瓷的断口SEM照片[70]

Fig. 9 SEM images of fracture of 3Y-ZrO2 ceramic after sintering at 1550 ℃[70] (a, c) Microwave sintering; (b, d) Conventional sintering

图10 不同摩尔分数La2O3掺杂ZTA陶瓷的SEM照片[31]

Fig. 10 SEM images of ZTA ceramics doped with different molar contents of La2O3[31] (a-d) Microwave sintering at 1550℃ for 30 min at La2O3 content of (a) 0, (b) 1.5%, (c) 3%, and (d) 5%; (e) Conventional sintering at 1600℃ for 3 h at La2O3 content of 1.5%

图11 不同温度下微波烧结Al2O3-SiC (~5 μm)试样的断口形貌[86]

Fig. 11 Fracture morphologies of Al2O3-SiC (~5 μm) specimens sintered by microwave at different temperatures[86] (a) 1350 ℃; (b) 1400 ℃; (c) 1450 ℃; (d) 1500 ℃

图12 微波烧结ZTA陶瓷制品的实物照片[89]

Fig. 12 Photo of microwave-sintered ZTA ceramic products[89] Left: ZTA blank; Right: ZTA product after sintering

图13 氧化锆陶瓷环微波烧结前(左)后(右)实物对比照片及烧结后的XRD图谱[88]

Fig. 13 Comparison picture of zirconia ceramic ring before (left) and after (right) microwave sintering, and its XRD pattern after sintering[88]

图14 微波烧结前后碳化硅棍棒的实物照片[91]

Fig. 14 Photo of silicon carbide sticks before and after microwave sintering[91]

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微波加热制备特种陶瓷材料研究进展

Preparation of Special Ceramics by Microwave Heating: a Review

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